A communication method includes: obtains a first DAI in a first downlink control channel associated with transmission of a first transport block, wherein the first DAI indicates a first scheduling assignment for the first transport block; obtains a second DAI in a second downlink control channel associated with transmission of a second transport block, wherein the second DAI indicates a second scheduling assignment for the second transport block; determines that at least one value of the second DAI is an assigned value identical to a value of the first DAI.

A system for a redundant star network is disclosed. The system consists of a control hub, one or more backup hubs, and at least one peripheral device (PD), the peripheral device comprising a housing having at least one selectable side transparent or opaque to radio frequency (RF) transmissions while the remaining sides are opaque to RF transmissions. The control hub controls the PD, for example by controlling how the PD operates under certain conditions. The PD includes a long-range, wireless transceiver and a microcontroller, which includes instructions for periodically testing, via test signals, whether the control hub is functional. In the case that the control hub does not respond to the test signals, the PD includes instructions for switching control of the PD to the backup hub, which also stores control instructions for the PD, similar to the control hub.

A system for a redundant star network is disclosed. The system consists of a control hub, one or more backup hubs, and at least one peripheral device (PD), the peripheral device comprising a housing having at least one selectable side transparent or opaque to radio frequency (RF) transmissions while the remaining sides are opaque to RF transmissions. The control hub controls the PD, for example by controlling how the PD operates under certain conditions. The PD includes a long-range, wireless transceiver and a microcontroller, which includes instructions for periodically testing, via test signals, whether the control hub is functional. In the case that the control hub does not respond to the test signals, the PD includes instructions for switching control of the PD to the backup hub, which also stores control instructions for the PD, similar to the control hub.

There is provided a method for an apparatus for a network function, the apparatus for the network function, and a computer program for the apparatus, that causes the apparatus to: receive an indication that a first user equipment and/or a first user plane function configured to transmit first user traffic is associated with a first replication handling function, the first replication handling function being configurable to coordinate at least one replication-based redundancy mechanism performed on at least part of said first user traffic; determine a first set of replication rules for use by the first replication handling function determining when the at least one replication-based redundancy mechanism is performed on at least part of said first user traffic; and cause the first set of replication rules to be provided to the first replication handling function.

There is provided a method for an apparatus for a network function, the apparatus for the network function, and a computer program for the apparatus, that causes the apparatus to: receive an indication that a first user equipment and/or a first user plane function configured to transmit first user traffic is associated with a first replication handling function, the first replication handling function being configurable to coordinate at least one replication-based redundancy mechanism performed on at least part of said first user traffic; determine a first set of replication rules for use by the first replication handling function determining when the at least one replication-based redundancy mechanism is performed on at least part of said first user traffic; and cause the first set of replication rules to be provided to the first replication handling function.

This disclosure describes methods, systems, and devices for efficient medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) signaling that controls uplink data duplication. In one example, a method involves generating a message including a MAC CE for indicating an activation or deactivation status of one or more radio link control (RLC) channels associated with packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) duplication. The method further involves encoding the message for transmission to a user equipment (UE).

In the apparatus for controlling a transmission for lossless packet forwarding, when a failure is detected on one of a plurality of forwarding paths set between a transmitting node and a receiving node, packet transmission of a flow associated with the path in which the failure occurs is stopped, when the path in which the failure occurs is recovered, packet transmission of the flow is resumed, and the receiving node temporarily extends the bandwidth of the flow.

In the apparatus for controlling a transmission for lossless packet forwarding, when a failure is detected on one of a plurality of forwarding paths set between a transmitting node and a receiving node, packet transmission of a flow associated with the path in which the failure occurs is stopped, when the path in which the failure occurs is recovered, packet transmission of the flow is resumed, and the receiving node temporarily extends the bandwidth of the flow.

The present application provides a method executed by user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the RRC signaling comprising configuration information used for configuring, for the UE, a data radio bearer (DRB) supporting packet duplication; establishing a corresponding DRB according to the configuration information; and calculating transmittable data of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity for a logical channel corresponding to the established DRB. The present application also provides corresponding UE, a base station, and a corresponding method executed by a base station.

A fault-tolerant command and control system including a plurality of flight devices, a plurality of flight computers, a distribution network including a plurality of switches and cables connecting the plurality of flight devices to the plurality of flight computers, and a power source connected to the distribution network.