An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time-interleaved signal.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an uplink transmission method and a terminal configured with at least two uplink carriers. The method may include receiving a scheduling request from a network side device to perform uplink transmission simultaneously on the at least two uplink carriers. The method may also include refusing to perform the scheduling request when at least one of the at least two uplink carriers requires two antennas for transmission.

A signal is transmitted at a high speed in a direction opposite to a transmitting direction of a main large-capacity channel. A first transmitting unit transmits a first signal including a clock component to an external device through a transmission path as a differential signal. A second transmitting unit superimposes a second signal including a clock component on the transmission path as an in-phase signal to transmit to the external device. A state notifying unit communicates with the external device through a pair of differential transmission paths included in the transmission path and notifies the external device of a connection state of its own device by a DC bias potential of at least one of the pair of differential transmission paths.

A signal is transmitted at a high speed in a direction opposite to a transmitting direction of a main large-capacity channel. A first transmitting unit transmits a first signal including a clock component to an external device through a transmission path as a differential signal. A second transmitting unit superimposes a second signal including a clock component on the transmission path as an in-phase signal to transmit to the external device. A state notifying unit communicates with the external device through a pair of differential transmission paths included in the transmission path and notifies the external device of a connection state of its own device by a DC bias potential of at least one of the pair of differential transmission paths.

An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time-interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs). In this case, the Physical Layer Pipes include a core layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhanced layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the enhanced layer signal.

An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to reduce power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time-interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling start position information and size information for each of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs). In this case, the Physical Layer Pipes include a core layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the core layer signal and an enhanced layer physical layer pipe corresponding to the enhanced layer signal.

Methods, circuitries, and systems for transmitting data upstream between a first device and a second device and downstream between the second device and the first device are disclosed. A method includes determining an upstream crosstalk effect for an upstream channel and determining a downstream crosstalk effect for a downstream channel. The crosstalk effect includes near end crosstalk from a third device that is non-co-located with respect to the first device and the second device. A data rate of an upstream transmission or downstream transmission is adjusted based on the upstream crosstalk effect and the downstream crosstalk effect.

A method for calibration, in a serial fronthaul in which a calibration device and L (L is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) access node(s) (AN(s)) are serially connected, may include: transmitting, by the calibration device, to at least part of the L AN(s), a calibration command message indicating calibration of transmission paths; determining, by the calibration device and the at least part of the L AN(s), time delay values and phase characteristic values of the transmission paths of the at least part of the L AN(s); and transmitting, by the calibration device, to the at least part of the L AN(s), a calibration adjustment message indicating calibration of the transmission paths based on the time delay values and the phase characteristic values of the transmission paths of the at least part of the L AN(s).

The present disclosure provides a resource mapping and transmission method and a corresponding base station and user equipment. The method comprises: generating radio frames for NB-IoT TDD, and in the radio frames for NB-IoT TDD, mapping a Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal “NPSS,” a Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal “NSSS,” a Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel “NPBCH,” and a Narrowband System Information Block Type 1 “SIB1-NB” to subframes selected from subframes 0, 4, 5, and 9 of the radio frames, wherein the NPSS, the NSSS, the NPBCH, and the SIB1-NB are respectively mapped into different subframes and are not respectively mapped into the subframes 5, 9, 0, and 4; and transmitting the generated radio frames. According to embodiments of the present invention, user equipment supporting NB-IoT TDD can exit a search for an NB-IoT TDD cell as early as possible.

The present disclosure provides a resource mapping and transmission method and a corresponding base station and user equipment. The method comprises: generating radio frames for NB-IoT TDD, and in the radio frames for NB-IoT TDD, mapping a Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal “NPSS,” a Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal “NSSS,” a Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel “NPBCH,” and a Narrowband System Information Block Type 1 “SIB1-NB” to subframes selected from subframes 0, 4, 5, and 9 of the radio frames, wherein the NPSS, the NSSS, the NPBCH, and the SIB1-NB are respectively mapped into different subframes and are not respectively mapped into the subframes 5, 9, 0, and 4; and transmitting the generated radio frames. According to embodiments of the present invention, user equipment supporting NB-IoT TDD can exit a search for an NB-IoT TDD cell as early as possible.