An apparatus and method for network routing is provided. Synchronized networks are disclosed which enable fast connection set up and release in a tiered hierarchy of circuit switched nodes. Nodes in the network can aggregate and disaggregate data according to a transform algorithm allowing for dynamic frame and frame segment sizing. Connections within the network can be organized by paired connections performing aggregation and disaggregation according to control vectors.

A clock data recovery circuit configured to generate frequency step that is uniform regardless of operational conditions of the clock data recovery circuit.

A receiver with clock phase calibration. A first sampling circuit generates first digital data based on an input signal, a sampling phase of the first sampling circuit controlled by a first clock signal. A second sampling circuit generates second digital data based on the input signal, a sampling phase of the second sampling circuit controlled by a second clock signal. Circuitry within the receiver calibrates the clocks in different stages. During a first calibration stage, a phase of the second clock signal is adjusted while the first digital data is selected for generating the output data. During a second calibration stage, a phase of the first clock signal is adjusted while the first digital data is selected for the output data path.

The present invention provides a receiver, wherein the receiver includes a plurality of receiving circuit and a skew detection and alignment circuit. The receiving circuit is arranged for receiving a plurality of input signals from a plurality of channels, wherein each of the receiving circuits receives at least one of the input signals to generate an output signal. The skew detection and alignment circuit is arranged for determining skew information according to at least one of the input signals and the output signals, wherein the skew information is used to control delay amounts corresponding to the input signals or the output signals.

A method and apparatus according to the present invention addresses and/or prevents lost protocol synchronization in HARQ systems caused by ACK/NACK errors. One embodiment detects lost synchronization errors for NDI-based retransmission protocols and restores synchronization by sending an explicit RESET message. In response to the RESET message, the transmitter aborts the transmission of a current PDU and transmits a new PDU and corresponding NDI. Another embodiment prevents protocol synchronization errors by sending scheduling grants on a packet by packet basis. The receiver sends a subsequent explicit scheduling grant to the transmitter based on an error evaluation of a received PDU. The transmitter will not send the next PDU unless it receives the subsequent explicit scheduling grant.

A multiplexer comprises: an output circuit comprising a multiplexer output; and a first buffer coupled to the output circuit and comprising: a first selection input configured to receive a first selection signal; a first logical input configured to receive a first logical input signal; and a first ground; wherein the multiplexer is configured to: couple the first logical input to the multiplexer output when the first selection signal is a first value; and couple the first logical input to the first ground when the first selection signal is a second value. A method comprises: receiving a selection signal and a first logical input signal; coupling a first logical input to a multiplexer output when the selection signal is a first value; and coupling the first logical input to a ground when the selection signal is a second value.

This disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program that perform clock recovery processing efficiently and stably when a data stream having time information is received and clock recovery processing is performed. In one example, time information is extracted from a data stream including the time information serving as a reference when generating a system clock signal, and the time information is stored in a storage section. Further, the time information stored in the storage section is output synchronously with the system clock signal on the basis of a transmission rate of the data stream and position information regarding the time information in the data stream, and the clock recovery processing is performed on the basis of the time information output from the storage section and the system clock signal is generated.

Method and system for providing data monitoring and management including RF communication link over which a transmitter and a receiver is configured to communicate, the transmitter configured to periodically transmit a data packet associated with a detected analyte level received from an analyte sensor, and the receiver configured to identify the transmitter as the correct transmitter for which it is configured to receive the data packets, and to continue to receive the data packets from the transmitter once the transmitter identification has been verified, is provided.

Systems and methods providing wireless synchronization of wave arrays may include an antenna that receives a wireless injection signal and another antenna that radiates a locked wave signal corresponding to the injection signal. In some embodiments, these systems may also provide a low noise amplifier, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), buffer amplifier(s), phase shifter, and/or multi-stage amplifier. In some embodiments, the injection signal may be provided on an even harmonic, and the intended transmission frequency signal is on an odd harmonic of the locked signal. The substrate thickness may be designed to radiate electromagnetic waves in odd harmonics of the locked signal. In yet another embodiment, polarization of a receiving antenna may be orthogonal to a transmitter antenna.

A method of estimating an integer frequency offset and compensating for the integer frequency offset by an estimated error is provided. A frequency offset estimation method may include receiving a reception signal including PLC data and a physical layer link channel (PLC) preamble, detecting first position information on a position of a subcarrier of the PLC preamble in a frequency axis from the reception signal through a cross-correlation between the PLC preamble and the reception signal, detecting second position information on the position of the subcarrier of the PLC preamble defined in a transmission end by restoring the PLC data, and calculating a frequency offset by comparing the first position information with the second position information.