Disclosed is a MAC tag list generating apparatus capable of efficiently performing message authentication through which information pertaining to a falsified position as well as existence of falsification can be obtained. This MAC tag list generating apparatus is provided with: a group test matrix generating means for generating a group test matrix W, which is a parameter of a combined group test, on the basis of a plurality of items obtained by dividing an obtained message M; and a MAC tag list generating means that, while sharing results obtained by applying a pseudo random function to the items forming each row of the generated group test matrix W, sums the results, and then applies the summed results to pseudo random permutation to generate a MAC tag list T, which is a MAC tag list pertaining to the message M.

A method of providing a distributed scheme for executing a RAM program, without revealing any information regarding the program, the data and the results, according to which the instructions of the program are simulated using SUBLEQ instructions and the execution of the program is divided among a plurality of participating computational resources such as one or more clouds, which do not communicate with each other, while secret sharing all the program's SUBLEQ instructions, to hide their nature of operation and the sequence of operations. Private string matching is secretly performed by comparing strings represented in secret shares, for ensuring the execution of the right instruction sequence. Then arithmetic operations are performed over secret shared bits and branch operations are performed according to the secret shared sign bit of the result.

The disclosed exemplary embodiments include computer-implemented devices, apparatuses, and processes that, among other things, perform dynamic biometric authentication based on distributed ledger data. For example, a device may compute a first hash value based on first biometric data captured by a sensor unit, and may transmit a request to, and receive a response from, a computing system across a communications network via the communications unit. The request may cause the computing system to execute instructions maintained within the distributed ledger data, and to extract second biometric data maintained within an element of the distributed ledger data. The second biometric data may include a second hash, which the computing system may incorporate into the response. The device may authenticate an identity associated with the device when the first hash value corresponds to the second hash value incorporated within the response.

A wireless communication network serves a wireless user device with a wireless communication service from a wireless network slice that includes a Virtual Network Function (VNF). The VNF maintains hardware-trust with a distributed ledger. The distributed ledger maintains hardware-trust with the VNF. The VNF delivers the wireless communication service to the wireless user device from the wireless network slice. The VNF generates slice data that characterizes the service delivery. When the VNF maintains the hardware-trust with the distributed ledger, the VNF transfers the slice data to the distributed ledger. When the distributed ledger maintains the hardware-trust with the VNF, the distributed ledger stores the slice data.

Methods and apparatus to execute a workload in an edge environment are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a node scheduler to accept a task from a workload scheduler, the task including a description of a workload and tokens, a workload executor to execute the workload, the node scheduler to access a result of execution of the workload and provide the result to the workload scheduler, and a controller to access the tokens and distribute at least one of the tokens to at least one provider, the provider to provide a resource to the apparatus to execute the workload.

A method for key agreement between a first party and a second party over a public communications channel, the method including selecting, by the first party, from a semigroup, a first value “a”; multiplying the first value “a” by a second value “b” to create a third value “d”, the second value “b” being selected from the semigroup; sending the third value “d” to the second party; receiving, from the second party, a fourth value “e”, the fourth value comprising the second value “b” multiplied by a fifth value “c” selected by the second party from the semigroup; and creating a shared secret by multiplying the first value “a” with the fourth value “e”, wherein the shared secret matches the third value “d” multiplied by the fifth value “c”.

Systems and methods for asynchronous API-driven external application services for blockchain are provided. The blockchain may store profile data that permits asynchronous communications and data sharing among a plurality of trusted users, and an application server layer may act as a gateway to a blockchain system to selectively provide limited access to external application services to operate upon the blockchain data.

A method for verification of a data value via a Merkle root includes: storing, in a memory of a processing server, a Merkle root; receiving at least a data value, a nonce, and a plurality of hash path values; generating a combined value by combining the data value and the nonce; generating a first hash value via application of a hashing algorithm to the combined value; generating a subsequent hash value via application of the hashing algorithm to a combination of the first hash value and a first of the plurality of hash path values; repeating generation of the subsequent hash value using a combination of the next hash path value of the plurality of hash path values and the most recent subsequent hash value; and verifying the data value based on a comparison of the Merkle root and the last generated subsequent hash value.

An example operation may include one or more of receiving a data block for storage on a blockchain from an orderer node, the data block comprising a full-step hash of a storage request and a reduced-step hash of the storage request, performing an approximate hash verification on the data block based on the reduced-step hash of the storage request included in the data block, and in response to a success of the approximate hash verification, committing the data block among a hash-linked chain of data blocks stored within a distributed ledger of a blockchain.

Various systems and methods for implementing an edge computing system to realize 5G network slices with blockchain traceability for informed 5G service supply chain are disclosed. A system configured to track network slicing operations includes memory and processing circuitry configured to select a network slice instance (NSI) from a plurality of available NSIs based on an NSI type specified by a client node. The available NSIs uses virtualized network resources of a first network resource provider. The client node is associated with the selected NSI. The utilization of the network resources by the plurality of available NSIs is determined using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based network inferencing function. A ledger entry of associating the selected NSI with the client node is recorded in a distributed ledger, which further includes a second ledger entry indicating allocations of resource subsets to each of the NSIs based on the utilization.