In one embodiment, a system includes a tangible token comprising a transparent gemstone, wherein: the transparent gemstone is internally etched with information pertaining to a blockchain, and the information comprises at least a private key, a public key, and an address, and the information is represented as a quick response code. The system includes a computing device configured to execute instructions that cause the computing device to: read the information, and validate, via a network and the address, the public key and the private key are associated with at least one block on the blockchain.

Some embodiments relate to a first electronic network node is provided (110) configured for a cryptographic operation. The first network node is configured to receive as input a difficulty parameter (d), and a structure parameter (n), and to obtain a shared matrix (A), the shared matrix being shared a second network node through a communication interface, entries in the shared matrix (A) being selected modulo a first modulus (q), the shared matrix (A) being a square matrix (k×k) of dimension (k) equal to the difficulty parameter (d) divided by the structure parameter (n), the entries in the shared matrix (A) being polynomials modulo a reduction polynomial (ƒ) of degree equal to the structure parameter (n), said cryptographic operation using the shared matrix.

A control method including: receiving first transaction data including a first electronic signature from the a home of a first user; verifying whether the received first electronic signature included in the first transaction data is valid; verifying validity of the received first transaction data; when the first electronic signature and the validity of the first transaction data are verified successfully, executing a first consensus algorithm for the first transaction data; and when the validity of the first transaction data is verified according to the first consensus algorithm, recording a block including the first transaction data in a distributed ledger. The first electronic signature is a group signature assigned to a group to which the first user belongs.

A control method including: receiving first transaction data including a first electronic signature from the a home of a first user; verifying whether the received first electronic signature included in the first transaction data is valid; verifying validity of the received first transaction data; when the first electronic signature and the validity of the first transaction data are verified successfully, executing a first consensus algorithm for the first transaction data; and when the validity of the first transaction data is verified according to the first consensus algorithm, recording a block including the first transaction data in a distributed ledger. The first electronic signature is a group signature assigned to a group to which the first user belongs.

Bitcoins and the underlying blockchain technology are one of the main innovations in building decentralized applications. The effects of quantum computing on this technology are analyzed in general. Provided herein are effective solutions to address security vulnerabilities in a blockchain-based system that can be exploited by a quantum attacker.

A cryptographic key management service receives a request, associated with a principal, to use a cryptographic key to perform a cryptographic operation. In response to the request, the service determines whether a rate limit specific to the principal is associated with the cryptographic key. If the rate limit is associated with the cryptographic key, the service generates a response to the request that conforms to the rate limit. The service provides the response in response to the request.

Methods, systems and computer program products for improving performance of a cryptographic algorithm are described. First, data to be encrypted/decrypted is provided as input to the system. A primary key, or multiple keys (in case of asymmetric cryptography), is generated for the encryption/decryption process. The primary key consists of metadata as well as key blocks containing secondary keys. The metadata contains information explaining how the data will be handled from algorithmic structure to the base cryptographic scheme to be used. Further, the data is split and processed via relevant portions of the key blocks. Finally, the completed encrypted/decrypted data segments are combined in order to complete the process. The used process ensures higher performance as well as higher algorithmic entropy than comparable methods in literature or on the market.

Methods, systems and computer program products for improving performance of a cryptographic algorithm are described. First, data to be encrypted/decrypted is provided as input to the system. A primary key, or multiple keys (in case of asymmetric cryptography), is generated for the encryption/decryption process. The primary key consists of metadata as well as key blocks containing secondary keys. The metadata contains information explaining how the data will be handled from algorithmic structure to the base cryptographic scheme to be used. Further, the data is split and processed via relevant portions of the key blocks. Finally, the completed encrypted/decrypted data segments are combined in order to complete the process. The used process ensures higher performance as well as higher algorithmic entropy than comparable methods in literature or on the market.

Methods are described for a data creator to securely send a data payload to another device in a transient symmetric key technology (TSKT) system, and for the other device to securely receive the payload data. One method includes receiving a first seed and a formula from a command and control server. A second seed is generated, and the first seed and the second seed are combined using the formula to create a data seed. A first key is generated using the first seed, and the second seed is encrypted using the first key to form an encrypted second seed. A second key is generated using the data seed, and the data payload is encrypted using the second key to form an encrypted data payload. The encrypted data payload and the encrypted second seed are combined in a secure container, and subsequently all keys and seeds and the formula are destroyed.

Methods are described for a data creator to securely send a data payload to another device in a transient symmetric key technology (TSKT) system, and for the other device to securely receive the payload data. One method includes receiving a first seed and a formula from a command and control server. A second seed is generated, and the first seed and the second seed are combined using the formula to create a data seed. A first key is generated using the first seed, and the second seed is encrypted using the first key to form an encrypted second seed. A second key is generated using the data seed, and the data payload is encrypted using the second key to form an encrypted data payload. The encrypted data payload and the encrypted second seed are combined in a secure container, and subsequently all keys and seeds and the formula are destroyed.