The present invention realizes an electronic signature system with high security level in which abuse of a signature key by a system administrator is prevented. A user sets an authentication information conceived by the user himself to his/her own signature key stored in the tamper resistant device (5) via the terminal device (2). When digitally signing an electronic document, the user transmits his/her own encrypted authentication information to the tamper resistant device (5) through the terminal device (2) and asks for permission to use his/her signature key. The tamper resistant device (5) decodes the inputted authentication information, verifies the decoded authentication information, and allows the digital signing only if the correct authentication information is entered. As a result, the electronic signature system in which only a user having valid use authority for the signature key can digitally sign is built.

A terminal device verification method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: A first network device receives a first message from a first terminal device. Then, the first network device verifies a pairing relationship between the first terminal device and a second terminal device. After the verification on the pairing relationship between the first terminal device and the second terminal device succeeds, the first network device sends a second message to the first terminal device, where the second message include first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a pairing result of the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The pairing relationship between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is verified, so that the first terminal device and the second terminal device can be securely paired, to improve use security of the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

A terminal device verification method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: A first network device receives a first message from a first terminal device. Then, the first network device verifies a pairing relationship between the first terminal device and a second terminal device. After the verification on the pairing relationship between the first terminal device and the second terminal device succeeds, the first network device sends a second message to the first terminal device, where the second message include first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a pairing result of the first terminal device and the second terminal device. The pairing relationship between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is verified, so that the first terminal device and the second terminal device can be securely paired, to improve use security of the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

Various techniques are provided to implement information leakage mitigation associated with elliptic curve operations. In one example, a method includes generating second data based on first data. The first data is associated with a message. The second data is associated with a decoy message. The method further includes performing a first elliptic curve operation based on the first data. The method further includes performing a second elliptic curve operation based on the second data. The first elliptic curve operation and the second elliptic curve operation are performed in a random order. Related systems and devices are provided.

Disclosed are systems and methods that authenticate non-fungible tokens (“NFT”) and/or digital data represented by or pointed to by an NFT. In some implementations, authentication may be with respect to an existing NFT. In other implementations, authentication may be with respect to an NFT that is being created. The disclosed implementations may compare a candidate and/or candidate NFT data with existing NFTs and/or existing NFT data to determine if the candidate NFT and/or candidate NFT data is similar to other NFTs and/or other NFT data of another NFT, which may exist on any of many different blockchains.

Disclosed are systems and methods that authenticate non-fungible tokens (“NFT”) and/or digital data represented by or pointed to by an NFT. In some implementations, authentication may be with respect to an existing NFT. In other implementations, authentication may be with respect to an NFT that is being created. The disclosed implementations may compare a candidate and/or candidate NFT data with existing NFTs and/or existing NFT data to determine if the candidate NFT and/or candidate NFT data is similar to other NFTs and/or other NFT data of another NFT, which may exist on any of many different blockchains.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve techniques and cryptographic processors configured to perform the techniques that include sign-efficient addition and subtraction operations that use Montgomery reduction and are capable of facilitating fast streaming operations. The techniques involve receiving a first number and a second number, where the first number and second number are within a target interval, and performing a modular operation to obtain a third number, the third number being within the same target interval and representing a sum or a difference of a rescaled first number and a rescaled second number, and wherein the modular operation includes a Montgomery reduction.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve techniques and cryptographic processors configured to perform the techniques that include sign-efficient addition and subtraction operations that use Montgomery reduction and are capable of facilitating fast streaming operations. The techniques involve receiving a first number and a second number, where the first number and second number are within a target interval, and performing a modular operation to obtain a third number, the third number being within the same target interval and representing a sum or a difference of a rescaled first number and a rescaled second number, and wherein the modular operation includes a Montgomery reduction.

A request may be received to transfer from a first entity to a second entity a right related to a digital asset stored in an on-demand database system. The on-demand database system may provide computing services to a plurality of entities via the internet. A token associated with the digital asset may be identified. The token may being included in a smart contract recorded within a distributed trust ledger and may be owned by a first distributed trust ledger account. The smart contract may be executed within the distributed trust ledger to record a transfer of the token from the first distributed trust ledger account to a second distributed trust ledger account. The on-demand database system may be updated to include one or more database entries reflecting the recorded transfer.

A request may be received to transfer from a first entity to a second entity a right related to a digital asset stored in an on-demand database system. The on-demand database system may provide computing services to a plurality of entities via the internet. A token associated with the digital asset may be identified. The token may being included in a smart contract recorded within a distributed trust ledger and may be owned by a first distributed trust ledger account. The smart contract may be executed within the distributed trust ledger to record a transfer of the token from the first distributed trust ledger account to a second distributed trust ledger account. The on-demand database system may be updated to include one or more database entries reflecting the recorded transfer.