Embodiments include a device comprising an interface module for interfacing with proprietary legacy systems. The interface module comprises a data interface for interfacing with a processing component of the legacy system, where the processing component uses a proprietary protocol for processing data of the legacy system. The interface module includes a protocol module that comprises a protocol corresponding to the proprietary protocol of the legacy system, and the interface module uses the protocol to exchange data with the processing component. The interface module includes a communication device that communicates with a remote system via a wireless channel. The interface module controls communications that include passing commands from the remote system to the legacy system, and passing event data of the legacy system to the remote system.

Task delegation and cooperation for automated assistants is presented. A method comprises receiving, at a centralized support center that is in contact with a plurality of automated assistants including a first automated assistant and a second automated assistant, a request to perform a task on behalf of an individual, formulating, at the centralized support center, the task as a plurality of sub-tasks including a first sub-task and a second sub-task, delegating, at the centralized support center, the first sub-task to the first automated assistant, based on a determination at the centralized support center that the first automated assistant is capable of performing the first sub-task, and delegating, at the centralized support center, the second sub-task to the second automated assistant, based on a determination at the centralized support center that the second automated assistant is capable of performing the second sub-task.

A bus coupler for a network, in particular for an optical ring network, includes: a bus participant interface for data connection to at least one bus participant device; a bus receiving interface for receiving bus input data via a bus line; a bus transmitting interface for transmitting bus output data via the bus line; and a control unit for generating bus output data based on participant input data received via the bus participant interface, the bus transmission data including bus control data, and to transfer the bus output data to a further bus coupler by the bus transmitting interface. The control unit specifies a control signal based on the bus input data received by the bus receiving interface and performs a relaying of the bus input data to the further bus coupler based on the specified control signal.

Embodiments of a software defined automation system that provides a reference architecture for designing, managing and maintaining a highly available, scalable and flexible automation system. In some embodiments, an SDA system can include a localized subsystem including a system controller node and multiple compute nodes. The multiple compute nodes can be communicatively coupled to the system controller node via a first communication network. The system controller node can manage the multiple compute nodes and virtualization of a control system on a compute node via the first communication network. The virtualized control system includes virtualized control system elements connected to a virtual network that is connected to a second communication network to enable the virtualized control system elements to control a physical control system element via the second communication network connected to the virtual network.

Messaging between an ultra-tag and external microcontroller. In an embodiment, a transmitting device is communicatively connected to a receiving device by a clear-to-communicate line and request line. When data to be transmitted has normal priority, the transmitting device detects whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicates a request to transmit on the request line if so, waits until the receiving device is available and then indicates a request to transmit on the request line if not, after indicating a request to transmit, transmits the data when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and, after transmitting the data, releases the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. On the other hand, when the data has high priority, the transmitting device indicates a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line.

Messaging between an ultra-tag and external microcontroller. In an embodiment, a transmitting device is communicatively connected to a receiving device by a clear-to-communicate line and request line. When data to be transmitted has normal priority, the transmitting device detects whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicates a request to transmit on the request line if so, waits until the receiving device is available and then indicates a request to transmit on the request line if not, after indicating a request to transmit, transmits the data when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and, after transmitting the data, releases the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. On the other hand, when the data has high priority, the transmitting device indicates a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line.

An artificial intelligence device includes a microphone configured to receive a speech command, a speaker, a communication unit configured to perform communication with an external artificial intelligence device, and a processor configured to receive a wake-up command through the microphone, acquire a first speech quality level of the received wake-up command, receive a second speech quality level of the wake-up command input to the external artificial intelligence device from the external artificial intelligence device through the communication unit, output a notification indicating that the artificial intelligence device is selected as an object to be controlled through the speaker, when the first speech quality level is larger than the second speech quality level, receive an operation command through the microphone, acquire an intention of the received operation command and transmit the operation command to an external artificial intelligence device which will perform operation corresponding to the operation command according to the acquired intention through the communication unit.

Apparatus and methods for phase noise mitigation in wireless systems and networks. In one embodiment, the apparatus and methods provide enhanced wireless services which provide enhanced performance to 5G millimeter wave system entities base stations (gNodeBs) and their backhaul in support of low-latency and high-throughput operation of these components and the network as a whole. In one variant, an enhanced phase noise mitigation mechanism is provided which has a robust performance in operating in very high frequencies such as millimeter wave spectrum. In yet other implementations, the methods and apparatus described herein can be utilized with respect to mobile devices such as between 5G NR millimeter-wave capable UEs and corresponding gNBs.

This application provides a packet transmission method, apparatus, and system, and relates to the field of network technologies. The method is applied to a network architecture including a user terminal, a first forwarding device and a second forwarding device. A tunnel is disposed between the first forwarding device and the second forwarding device. The method includes: The first forwarding device receives packets forwarded by the user terminal in the load balancing mode, where the packets include a keepalive packet, and the first forwarding device is a standby forwarding device corresponding to the user terminal. The first forwarding device forwards the keepalive packet to the second forwarding device through the tunnel, where the second forwarding device is an active forwarding device corresponding to the user terminal.

A data multicast implementation method, apparatus, and system are provided. In some embodiments, a transmission device receives a standby forwarding path establishment request, where the standby forwarding path establishment request includes a device identifier, has a destination address being an address of a multicast source device, and is used to request to establish a standby forwarding path between a multicast destination device identified by the device identifier and the multicast source device. In those embodiments, when determining, based on the device identifier in the standby forwarding path establishment request, that the transmission device is located on an active forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, the transmission device skips using the transmission device as a device on the standby forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, and skips forwarding the standby forwarding path establishment request.