According to one embodiment of the present specification, a method for determining a beam to be used by a terminal for communication in an mmWave communication system can be provided. Here, the method for determining a beam to be used by a terminal for communication may comprise the steps of: receiving a CSI-RS from a base station; reporting a preferred primary beam to the base station on the basis of the received CSI-RS; receiving secondary beam information from the base station on the basis of the preferred primary beam; reporting a preferred secondary beam from among the secondary beam information to the base station; and receiving a setting of a CSI-RS resource from the base station on the basis of the preferred secondary beam. Here, the secondary beam information may include the preferred primary beam and at least one secondary beam to which QCL is applied.

The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication and provides a channel estimation method and apparatus, a device, a base station, and a storage medium. The method is applied in a first device, and includes: when a first message is transmitted between the first device and a second device, determining a resource block (RB) bearing the first message; determining at least one pilot symbol in the RB according to a carrier frequency and a subcarrier spacing of subcarriers included in the RB, and a relative speed between the first device and the second device; and estimating a current channel based on the at least one pilot symbol.

A method of communicating and securing data on a network with an air-gap device that includes switching of a first air-gap such that a second air-gap is generated between a second port and a first communication circuit to one or more devices, and such that a second operable connection is generated between a first communication circuit to the one or more devices and a third port. The air gap-device includes a first interface comprising a first port, the first interface being part of the first communication circuit to the one or more devices a second interface comprising the second port; a third interface comprising the third port; and a physical relay array block operably coupled to and corresponding to the first, second and third interfaces, with the physical relay array block configured for physical switching between a first and second configuration that generates the first and second switching.

Techniques for updating a routing table based on a single message are described. One technique includes receiving at a first network device a node message from a second network device. The node message includes a sequence number and a list of link state(s) originated by the second network device. The first network device determines whether to withdraw one or more link states originated by the second network device and maintained in a routing table of the first network device based on the sequence number and the list of the link state(s) within the node message. The routing table is updated based on the determinations.

Techniques within a network device to execute periodic packet management (PPM) used to determine the health of a network. The inline mode of periodic packet management may be more efficient than other modes of periodic packet management such as centralized mode or distributed mode. The number of inline entries for a given hardware table may be limited, which means that once the number of inline entries in the table has reached the size limit, then any new entries must be managed in the distributed mode or the centralized mode. The techniques of this disclosure may improve the efficiency of a network device by replacing inline entries handled at a lower frequency in the hardware table with entries for periodic packets that are handled with a higher frequency (shorter periodic interval). In this manner, the entries with shorter periodic intervals may be managed using the more efficient inline mode.

An apparatus and method for receiving and sending messages from a communication device is disclosed. Message recipient information is compared to stored information for potential recipients to determine whether a characteristic of the expression of the message on a device display should be changed such that the user perceives an unavoidable visual indication relating to the result of the comparison.

Example methods and apparatus for transmitting a signal transmission method and a device are disclosed. One method includes transmitting a signal based on a predefined transmission pattern by a communications device. The transmission pattern defines that a non-first downlink timing boundary in a downlink time domain unit is later than or earlier than a first downlink timing boundary is defined, or that an uplink timing boundary in an uplink time domain unit is earlier than or later than the first downlink timing boundary.

An optical line terminal (OLT) for an optical network configured to communicate with optical network units (ONUs) in a PON-type optical network, the OLT including: a processing circuitry, for each ONUs, to manage a transmission delay time in transmission to the ONU to manage an acceptable waiting time of uplink data of the ONU; to obtain an uplink transmission start time and data amount of the optical network unit, based on uplink assignment information; and to generate uplink transmission grant information, which is made up of a time point and time length of uplink transmission to the ONU, wherein the processing circuitry determines the uplink transmission grant information on transmission to the ONU, based on a transmission delay time of the ONU, on the uplink transmission start time and data amount of the ONU, and on the acceptable waiting time of uplink data of the ONU.

Disclosed are techniques and apparatuses for transmitting positioning beacon beams including transmitting a plurality of positioning beacon beams from a first node in a first time period using a first order of transmission. Then, the first node transmits the plurality of positioning beacon beams from a second time period using a second order of transmission, where the first order of transmission is different in the second order of transmission.

A user equipment may, based on a tuneaway, start suspend a first timer and/or deactivate a first counter and may, based on a tuneback, resume the first timer and/or activate the first counter. The first timer and first counter may be configured to be used to determine that a sufficiently large number of sufficiently closely timed beam failure indications have been received and, in response to that determination, initiate an access procedure. A user equipment may also identify an overlap of a timing of at least one radio access technology event and a timing of a tuneaway gap and may, based on the identified overlap of the timing of at least one radio access technology event and the timing of the tuneaway gap, modify the timing of the at least one radio access technology event or the timing of the tuneaway gap.