A bandwidth efficient way to improve reliability without introducing additional latency is provided for Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) service in 5G NR. In particular, using rateless fountain codes in conjunction with packet duplication for split bearers at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer increases the reliability of transmission without the need for retransmissions, and with a lower bandwidth requirement compared to traditional packet duplication

A method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and a device using the same are provided. The device receives a trigger frame for requesting a transmission of a response PPDU and transmits the response PPDU. A duration of the response PPDU is calculated based on a duration of the trigger frame.

Various embodiments are generally directed to techniques for improving the efficiency of exchanging packets between pairs of VMs within a communications server. An apparatus may include a processor component; a network interface to couple the processor component to a network; a virtual switch to analyze contents of at least one packet of a set of packets to be exchanged between endpoint devices through the network and the communications server, and to route the set of packets through one or more virtual servers of multiple virtual servers based on the contents; and a transfer component of a first virtual server of the multiple virtual servers to determine whether to route the set of packets to the virtual switch or to transfer the set of packets to a second virtual server of the multiple virtual servers in a manner that bypasses the virtual switch based on a routing rule.

A communication apparatus which is capable of, for a peripheral device of which connection destination is limited to an image pickup apparatus, appropriately changing data without requiring complicated user operations. Wireless communications with a determined one of a first external apparatus and a second external apparatus are carried out using a predetermined protocol. The second external apparatus connects to the first external apparatus by transmitting an advertisement based on the predetermined protocol to the first external apparatus. In a case where an instruction to establish a connection with the first external apparatus is received, a connection with the second external apparatus is established, and then an instruction to stop the transmission of the advertisement is transmitted to the second external apparatus. After that, the connection with the second external apparatus is terminated, and transmission of another advertisement based on the predetermined protocol is started.

VLSI layouts of generalized multi-stage and pyramid networks for broadcast, unicast and multicast connections are presented using only horizontal and vertical links with spacial locality exploitation. The VLSI layouts employ shuffle exchange links where outlet links of cross links from switches in a stage in one sub-integrated circuit block are connected to inlet links of switches in the succeeding stage in another sub-integrated circuit block so that said cross links are either vertical links or horizontal and vice versa. Furthermore the shuffle exchange links are employed between different sub-integrated circuit blocks so that spacially nearer sub-integrated circuit blocks are connected with shorter links compared to the shuffle exchange links between spacially farther sub-integrated circuit blocks. In one embodiment the sub-integrated circuit blocks are arranged in a hypercube arrangement in a two-dimensional plane. The VLSI layouts exploit the benefits of significantly lower cross points, lower signal latency, lower power and full connectivity with significantly fast compilation. The VLSI layouts with spacial locality exploitation presented are applicable to generalized multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized folded multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized butterfly fat tree and pyramid networks, generalized multi-link multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized folded multi-link multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized multi-link butterfly fat tree and pyramid networks, generalized hypercube networks, and generalized cube connected cycles networks for speedup of s1. The embodiments of VLSI layouts are useful in wide target applications such as FPGAs, CPLDs, pSoCs, ASIC placement and route tools, networking applications, parallel & distributed computing, and reconfigurable computing.

VLSI layouts of generalized multi-stage and pyramid networks for broadcast, unicast and multicast connections are presented using only horizontal and vertical links with spacial locality exploitation. The VLSI layouts employ shuffle exchange links where outlet links of cross links from switches in a stage in one sub-integrated circuit block are connected to inlet links of switches in the succeeding stage in another sub-integrated circuit block so that said cross links are either vertical links or horizontal and vice versa. Furthermore the shuffle exchange links are employed between different sub-integrated circuit blocks so that spacially nearer sub-integrated circuit blocks are connected with shorter links compared to the shuffle exchange links between spacially farther sub-integrated circuit blocks. In one embodiment the sub-integrated circuit blocks are arranged in a hypercube arrangement in a two-dimensional plane. The VLSI layouts exploit the benefits of significantly lower cross points, lower signal latency, lower power and full connectivity with significantly fast compilation. The VLSI layouts with spacial locality exploitation presented are applicable to generalized multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized folded multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized butterfly fat tree and pyramid networks, generalized multi-link multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized folded multi-link multi-stage and pyramid networks, generalized multi-link butterfly fat tree and pyramid networks, generalized hypercube networks, and generalized cube connected cycles networks for speedup of s1. The embodiments of VLSI layouts are useful in wide target applications such as FPGAs, CPLDs, pSoCs, ASIC placement and route tools, networking applications, parallel & distributed computing, and reconfigurable computing.

Methods and apparatus are provided to reduce access latency in a random-access channel (RACH) procedure. A user equipment (UE) can transmit multiple Msg1 on multiple RACH transmission occasions before the end of a random-access response (RAR) window. The UE receives one or more RARs in response to the multiple transmitted Msg1. The one or more RARs can be carried in a single RAR window or multiple RAR windows. The UE determines the detected Msg1 based on explicit signals, implicit indications, or both. The explicit signals can be carried in the one or more RARs received by the UE. The implicit indications can be one or more signatures being associated with the multiple RACH transmission occasions. The one or more signatures comprise at least one of physical random-access channel (PRACH) preambles or preamble indices, random-access radio-network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) values, RAR windows, and control regions for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. An access point (AP) may include a service discovery indicator in a broadcast message. A user equipment (UE) may tune to the radio frequency spectrum band of the AP and receive the broadcast message. The UE may identify a web resource based on the service discovery indicator and access the web resource to determine the capability configuration of the AP. The UE may access the web resource using an existing internet connection of its currently serving AP.

In one embodiment, a system includes a hub having one or more processing units and RF circuitry for transmitting and receiving communications in a wireless network architecture. The system includes a plurality of sensor nodes each having a wireless device with a transmitter and a receiver to enable bi-directional communications with the hub in the wireless network architecture. The one or more processing units of the hub are configured to execute instructions to determine a first scheduled timing of causing the transmitter to be operable to transmit and causing the receiver to be operable to receive for each wireless device based on a periodic beacon signal of the hub.

A fog network gateway includes at least one wireless communication interface, at least one cellular communication interface, and at least one wireline communication interface. The fog network gateway further includes connectivity logic configured to provide connection between a remote device and at least one local device via at least one of the wireless, cellular, and wireline communication interfaces, fog networking logic configured to form a fog network with the at least one local device for transmitting data thereto, and bandwidth aggregation logic configured to aggregate available bandwidth from at least two of the wireless, cellular, and wireline communication interfaces to ensure adequate bandwidth for data transmission between the remote device and the at least one local device. The fog network gateway further includes artificial intelligence logic configured to analyze data received from the at least one local device via the wireless, cellular, and wireline communication interfaces, and take appropriate action in response to the analysis.