A data transmitter is provided, having: a generator for generating transmission data packets, configured to split a first data packet into at least three transmission data packets, each of the transmission packets being shorter than the first data packet, the generator being configured to channel-encode the at least three transmission packets such that only a portion thereof is required for decoding the first data packet; a transmission element for transmitting data packets, configured to transmit the at least three transmission packets in a frequency channel via a communications channel with a time gap; a monitor element for monitoring the frequency channel, configured to recognize an interference or transmission of a further data transmitter in the frequency channel; the transmission element being configured not to transmit via the communications channel a packet, waiting for transmission, of the at least three transmission packets if an interference or transmission from a further data transmitter is recognized by the monitor element at the time of transmitting the transmission data packet.

A method for forwarding a packet by a first Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) in Network Virtualization Overlays, Layer 3 (NVO3) and an NVE is provided. The method comprises, in response to receiving an IP packet from a first Virtual Access Point (VAP) of the first NVE, looking up forwarding information to obtain an IP address of a second NVE; in response to lookup fails, or the IP address of the second NVE being different from an IP address of the or the second VAP being different from the first VAP, dropping the IP packet; and in response to the IP address of the second NVE being the same as an IP address of the first NVE and the second VAP being the same as the first VAP, forwarding the IP packet.

Embodiments of the invention provide multiple cyclic prefix lengths for either both the data-payload and frame control header or only the data payload. Frame control header (FCH) and data symbols have an associated cyclic prefix. A table is transmitted in the FCH symbols, which includes a cyclic prefix field to identify the cyclic prefix length used in the data payload. A receiver may know the cyclic prefix length used in the FCH symbols in one embodiment. In other embodiments, the receiver does not know the FCH cyclic prefix length and, therefore, attempts to decode the FCH symbols using different possible cyclic prefix lengths until the FCH symbols are successfully decoded.

Provided is a method for detecting an application in a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving and inspecting a packet; detecting flows from the packet using a predefined signature; granting a score to each of the detected flows, and summing the granted scores by integrating the detected flows for each application; comparing the summed score of the flows integrated for each application with a preset value; and determining that an application is detected, if the summed score is greater than the preset value.

The present invention discloses a method for a user equipment to receive system information in a wireless communication system. Particularly, the method is characterized in detecting a first synchronization signal block configured with a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) and a Physical Broadcasting Channel (PBCH) at a specific frequency position, determining a presence or non-presence of system information corresponding to the first synchronization signal block within a first synchronization raster corresponding to a specific frequency position based on a system information indicator included in the PBCH, and if the system information corresponding to the first synchronization signal block is determined as not existing, determining a second synchronization raster having system information exist therein based on the system information indicator.

The people a user is presumed to know or be associated with may be determined using a number of techniques. This information about people that the user knows is used in relation to the user's communications. For example access to a user's online presence may be restricted based on the known people such that access to presence is provided only to those people that the user knows.

A communication system includes a movable terminal device and a plurality of communication devices configured to perform radio communication with the terminal device. The communication devices include a large-scale communication device having a first range in which communication with said terminal device is possible and a small-scale communication device having a second range in which said communication is possible. The first range is larger than the second range. A handover of the terminal device from the large-scale communication device to the small-scale communication device is prohibited whenever (a) the small-scale communication device is connected with the large-scale communication device by a dedicated line, (b) said small-scale communication device operates by using functionality of the large-scale communication device, or (c) the small-scale communication device is located within the first range of the large-scale communication device.

A method for engineering traffic in a communications system includes determining a set of delay constraints associated with a traffic flow over the communications system, and excluding non-convex constraints from the set of delay constraints, thereby producing a set of convex constraints. The method also includes selecting a path solution for the traffic flow in accordance with the set of convex constraints, and sending information regarding the path solution to nodes in the communications system.

Channel estimation where at least two sets of multipath components for a reception range are formed by applying spatial filtering to reference signal information measured by a communication device. Each set of multipath components comprises a number of multipath components that is less than the number of multipath components for the range. Separate parameter estimations are performed on the at least two sets of multipath components. The communication device may be a mobile device, and measurements may be provided by the mobile device in multiple of locations.

A method for sending and detecting downlink control information, a sending end and a receiving end are described, the method for detecting the downlink control information may include: a User Equipment (UE)-specific search space of an enhance Physical Downlink Control Channel (ePDCCH) bearing downlink control information is determined according to a preset interval; wherein the preset interval is determined according to a number of candidate positions of one component carrier at a corresponding aggregation level in a corresponding resource set, or the preset interval is determined according to the number of the candidate positions of one component carrier at the corresponding aggregation level in the corresponding resource set, and a number of scheduled component carriers, or the preset interval is determined according to the number of the candidate positions of one component carrier at the corresponding aggregation level in the corresponding resource set, and a number of configured component carriers; and the downlink control information on a physical resource corresponding to the UE-specific search space is detected. Through the disclosure, a problem of detecting the ePDCCH can be solved.