A method of communicating and securing data on a network with an air-gap device that includes switching of a first air-gap such that a second air-gap is generated between a second port and a first communication circuit to one or more devices, and such that a second operable connection is generated between a first communication circuit to the one or more devices and a third port. The air gap-device includes a first interface comprising a first port, the first interface being part of the first communication circuit to the one or more devices a second interface comprising the second port; a third interface comprising the third port; and a physical relay array block operably coupled to and corresponding to the first, second and third interfaces, with the physical relay array block configured for physical switching between a first and second configuration that generates the first and second switching.

A wideband buffer circuit and a wideband communication circuit that uses the wideband buffer circuit. The wideband buffer circuit includes first and second transistors deployed as a voltage buffer and connected to first and second input terminals, first and second parallel resistor-capacitor pairs connected to the first and second transistors, first and second cross-coupled transistors connected to the first and second parallel resistor-capacitor pairs and connected to first and second output terminals, and first and second current sources connected to the first and second cross-coupled transistors and a fixed voltage. The first transistor, the first parallel resistor-capacitor pair, the first cross-coupled transistor and the first current source are connected in series. The second transistor, the second parallel resistor-capacitor pair, the second cross-coupled transistor and the second current source are connected in series.

A wideband buffer circuit and a wideband communication circuit that uses the wideband buffer circuit. The wideband buffer circuit includes first and second transistors deployed as a voltage buffer and connected to first and second input terminals, first and second parallel resistor-capacitor pairs connected to the first and second transistors, first and second cross-coupled transistors connected to the first and second parallel resistor-capacitor pairs and connected to first and second output terminals, and first and second current sources connected to the first and second cross-coupled transistors and a fixed voltage. The first transistor, the first parallel resistor-capacitor pair, the first cross-coupled transistor and the first current source are connected in series. The second transistor, the second parallel resistor-capacitor pair, the second cross-coupled transistor and the second current source are connected in series.

The present disclosure discloses a method and a device in a User and a base station used for channel coding. A first node determines a first bit block; performs channel coding; and transmits a first radio signal. Bits in the first bit block are used to generate bits in a second bit block. The bits in the first bit block and in the second bit block are used for an input to the channel coding, an output after the channel coding is used to generate the first radio signal. Channel coding is based on a polar code. A sub-channel occupied by a target first type bit is related to the number of bits in the second bit block related to the target first type bit. The target first type bit belongs to the first bit block. The disclosure can improve decoding performance of polar codes and reduce complexity of decoding.

An example of the present specification proposes a technique for decoding a plurality of wireless signals having different characteristics. For example, the plurality of wireless signals may have different CP lengths, be received in different frequency bands, or be configured by different channels. An example of the present specification proposes an example of performing of decoding by using a plurality of reception windows on the basis of a specific wireless signal. Another example of the present specification proposes an example of a proposal of feedback information to a transmission UE on the basis of a specific wireless signal.

Methods and systems for communicating between nodes within computing clusters. In one embodiment, a method is provided that includes receiving, at a first node within a first cluster, a packet for transmission from a second node within the first cluster. The packet for transmission may be received via a local tunnel of the first cluster. A routing agent of the first node may identify a first destination address included within the packet for transmission and determine that the first destination address corresponds to a second cluster. The routing agent may also generate a second destination address corresponding to a third node of the second cluster and transmit the packet to the second destination address via an external tunnel between a plurality of clusters including the first cluster and the second cluster.

A network device receives a fragmented packet of an internet protocol (IP) packet. The fragmented packet is subsequently received relative to an initial fragmented packet of the IP packet and includes a first set of tuple information. The network device determines an entry of a hash table associated with the IP packet, based on the first set of tuple information and a fragment identifier (ID) within the fragmented packet. The network device retrieves a second set of tuple information associated with the fragmented packet from the hash table entry, and transmits an indication of the first and second sets of tuple information.

Disclosed methods for network modernization include obtaining a list of end-to-end circuits carried in a circuit-switched network, calculating, for each circuit, an early retirement credit (ERC) score and a circuit load factor (CLF) score, selecting, dependent on the ERC and CLF scores, a circuit to migrate to a new network, adding the selected circuit to a circuit migration sequence, and removing the circuit from the list. The ERC score represents the number of circuit-switching units on which no circuits would be carried and that would remain in the network following its removal. The CLF score represents an average number of circuits that would be carried on each circuit-switching unit currently traversed by the circuit following its removal. When two circuits have the highest ERC score, the circuit with the lowest CLF score is selected for migration. The method is repeated until the list is empty.

Disclosed methods for network modernization include obtaining a list of end-to-end circuits carried in a circuit-switched network, calculating, for each circuit, an early retirement credit (ERC) score and a circuit load factor (CLF) score, selecting, dependent on the ERC and CLF scores, a circuit to migrate to a new network, adding the selected circuit to a circuit migration sequence, and removing the circuit from the list. The ERC score represents the number of circuit-switching units on which no circuits would be carried and that would remain in the network following its removal. The CLF score represents an average number of circuits that would be carried on each circuit-switching unit currently traversed by the circuit following its removal. When two circuits have the highest ERC score, the circuit with the lowest CLF score is selected for migration. The method is repeated until the list is empty.

In accordance with one or more aspects, service requesters (e.g., advertisers) and/or affiliates (e.g., providing data traffic) may be set up for operation on a performance exchange. In accordance with other aspects, performance and monitoring may be carried out for such advertisers and/or affiliates. In some embodiments, a quality assessment module monitors resource distribution by affiliates (including user response characteristics), and assesses quality characteristics of the distribution and related responses based on the monitored performance and stored affiliate data. Affiliate performance metrics are generated based on the quality characteristics. A router establishes routing criteria for service requesters, which may include information for selecting data traffic resources to be routed and served by the affiliates for providing traffic. An exchange module operates with the router to serve requests from the service requesters by routing resources to affiliates based on data corresponding to the service requesters, the routing criteria, and the metrics.