The present disclosure relates to a standardized hot-pluggable transceiving unit with signal encoding or decoding capabilities. The transceiving unit comprises a housing with specific standardized dimensions and adapted to being inserted into a chassis of a hosting unit. The transceiving unit comprises a first connector for receiving a first signal comprising data in a first form. The transceiving unit comprises a coding module in the housing, for encoding or decoding the data of the first signal into a second signal having a second form. The transceiving unit comprises a second connector for outputting the second signal. The transceiving unit may comprise at least one additional coding module in the housing, for encoding or decoding data.

Technologies are generally described for systems, devices and methods effective to compare network element instructions and network control instructions. In some examples, first instructions may be identified and may be related to flow of network traffic. The first instructions may be stored in a data structure of a memory of a network element. The network element may generate a first network instruction signature based on the first instructions. A network controller device may identify second instructions. In some examples, the second instructions may be related to control of the network traffic, and may be stored in a memory of the network controller device. The network controller device may generate a second network instruction signature based on the second instructions. The network controller device may compare the first network instruction signature to the second network instruction signature to produce a comparison between the first instructions and the second instructions.

An electronic device in a device-to-device network of a user of the electronic device communicates with a group of one or more other instances of the electronic via dynamic connections that are based on pre-established and maintained (i.e., long-lived) associations in the device-to-device network. Moreover, a given dynamic connection between the electronic device and a given instance of the electronic device in the group is setup by the electronic device without assistance of a computer in another network, which conveys the communication within the group. During operation, after receiving a response accepting an invitation to a second user of a second instance of the electronic device in the group to join the device-to-device network, the electronic device verifies the second user based on an encryption key associated with the second user; and establishes a new maintained association with the second instance of the electronic device in the device-to-device network.

A fiber optic-based communications network includes: a power insertion device, connected to multiple fiber links from a data source, configured to provide power insertion to a hybrid fiber/power cable connected to at least one fiber link of the multiple fiber links; the hybrid fiber/power cable, connecting the power insertion device to a connection interface device, configured to transmit data and power from the power insertion device to the connection interface device; and the connection interface device, configured to provide an interface for connection to an end device via a power over Ethernet (PoE)-compatible connection and to provide optical to electrical media conversion for data transmitted from the power insertion device to an end device via the hybrid fiber/power cable and the PoE-compatible connection.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first communication module configured to communicate with an external device through a first communication scheme, a second communication module configured to communicate with the external device through a second communication scheme, and a processor configured to identify a state of the second communication module, generate availability information indicating whether the second communication module is available to perform a same function with the first communication module, based on the state of the second communication module, and control the first communication module or the second communication module to transmit the availability information of the second communication module to the external device.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first communication module configured to communicate with an external device through a first communication scheme, a second communication module configured to communicate with the external device through a second communication scheme, and a processor configured to identify a state of the second communication module, generate availability information indicating whether the second communication module is available to perform a same function with the first communication module, based on the state of the second communication module, and control the first communication module or the second communication module to transmit the availability information of the second communication module to the external device.

A network system, method, and device are provided for improving network communication performance between at least a first client site and a second client site, where the first client site and the second client site are at a distance from one another that is such that would usually require long haul network communication. The network system includes at least one network bonding/aggregation computer system for bonding or aggregating one or more diverse network connections so as to configure a bonded/aggregated connection that has increased throughput; and at least one network server component, configured to interoperate with the client site network component, the network server component including a server/concentrator or a cloud concentrator element that is implemented at an access point to an multiple protocol label switching network.

An ONU requests a bandwidth of an uplink signal, and in accordance with this, an OLT calculates a time when the OLT transmits the uplink signal and a transmission duration time and performs an instruction, and a DBA cycle in which the ONU transmits the uplink signal in accordance with the instruction and a dynamic wavelength allocation cycle in which the OLT instructs wavelength switching, and the ONU switches the wavelength and belongs to a different LC are separated. While the ONU switches the wavelength, the DBA cycles can be performed plural times in the ONU whose wavelength is not switched, the switching of the wavelength is confirmed after the wavelength has been switched, and then DBA operation is performed at the switched wavelength.

The present disclosure discloses a method and network device for providing tiered network access based on user actions. Specifically, a network device can identify a social action performed by a user, where the social action is performed while the user is logged into a social network application. Furthermore, the network device can select a network access level of a plurality of network access levels based on the social action. Accordingly, the network device grants a client device corresponding to the user access to a network based on the selected network access level. Note that the network access level is selected from the plurality of network access levels based on a plurality of social actions performed by the user.

Embodiments presented herein describe techniques for selecting incoming network frames to be mirrored using an access control list. According to one embodiment, an incoming frame is received. Upon determining that the incoming frame matches an entry in the access control list, a mirror field of the entry is evaluated. The mirror field identifies at least one mirroring action to perform on the frame. The identified mirroring action is performed on the frame.