A method for allocating and processing sequences in a communication system includes: dividing sequences in a sequence group into multiple sub-groups, each sub-group corresponding to its own mode of occupying time frequency resources; selecting sequences from a candidate sequence collection corresponding to each sub-group to form the sequences in the sub-group by: the sequences in a sub-group i in a sequence group k being composed of n sequences in the candidate sequence collection, the n sequences making a |r.sub.i/N.sub.ic.sub.k/N.sub.p.sub.1| or |(r.sub.i/N.sub.ic.sub.k/N.sub.p.sub.1) modu m.sub.k,i| function value the smallest, second smallest, till the n.sup.th smallest respectively; allocating the sequence group to cells, users or channels. It prevents the sequences highly correlated with the sequences of a specific length from appearing in other sequence groups.

User equipment includes one or more antennas, a receiver coupled to the one or more antennas, and processing circuitry coupled to the receiver and configured to cause the user equipment to receive downlink signals at each communication cycle using a predetermined beam in a beam time slot. Based on processed downlink signals and other relevant information the user equipment may determine a desired beam for the next communication cycle. If the desired beam is the same as the predetermined beam, the user equipment may continue using the predetermined beam at the next communication cycle. If the desired beam is different from the predetermined beam, the user equipment may switch to the desired beam at the next communication cycle. In this way, the user equipment may continue tracking a desired beam to maintain reliable data communications with a communication node.

Embodiments of inventive concepts are provided wherein a mobile device, such as a smartphone, may be configured to communicate with a base station, using a first mode, and to communicate with an access point using a second mode that comprises a level of security exceeding that of the first mode. The second mode communications between the mobile device and the access point are conducted over a short-range wireless link responsive to an identity of the mobile device and/or responsive to a biometric data being provided by a user of the mobile device. Such second mode wireless communications may include data relating to a financial transaction and/or other data that may require an increased level of privacy and/or security.

Embodiments of inventive concepts are provided wherein a mobile device, such as a smartphone, may be configured to communicate with a base station, using a first mode, and to communicate with an access point using a second mode that comprises a level of security exceeding that of the first mode. The second mode communications between the mobile device and the access point are conducted over a short-range wireless link responsive to an identity of the mobile device and/or responsive to a biometric data being provided by a user of the mobile device. Such second mode wireless communications may include data relating to a financial transaction and/or other data that may require an increased level of privacy and/or security.

The disclosure relates to a phase shifter having a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, the phase shifter comprising a mixer stage configured to mix an oscillator signal with an analog signal to provide a phase shifted signal, switching circuitry and a controller arranged to provide the analog signal to the mixer stage as a voltage in the first mode of operation and as a current in the second mode of operation.

Systems and methods for direct sample, extremely wideband transceivers are disclosed. An example transceiver includes an antenna, an N bit analog to digital converter a digital signal processor, a digital to analog converter, and an adder. The N bit ADC receives a wideband RF input signal from the antenna, where the input signal includes weak signals and a strong signal, oversamples the input signal and provides a digital sample signal. The digital signal processor generates a digital cancellation signal from the digital sample signal, where the digital cancellation signal is generated using M bits, M greater than N. The DAC provides an analog cancellation signal based on the digital cancellation signal, and the adder provides a residual analog signal from the addition of the input signal and the analog cancellation signal, where the strong signal is at least reduced in the residual analog signal due to the analog cancellation signal.

Systems and methods for direct sample, extremely wideband transceivers are disclosed. An example transceiver includes an antenna, an N bit analog to digital converter a digital signal processor, a digital to analog converter, and an adder. The N bit ADC receives a wideband RF input signal from the antenna, where the input signal includes weak signals and a strong signal, oversamples the input signal and provides a digital sample signal. The digital signal processor generates a digital cancellation signal from the digital sample signal, where the digital cancellation signal is generated using M bits, M greater than N. The DAC provides an analog cancellation signal based on the digital cancellation signal, and the adder provides a residual analog signal from the addition of the input signal and the analog cancellation signal, where the strong signal is at least reduced in the residual analog signal due to the analog cancellation signal.

A sequence allocating method and apparatus wherein in a system where a plurality of different Zadoff-Chu sequences or GCL sequences are allocated to a single cell, the arithmetic amount and circuit scale of a correlating circuit at a receiving end can be reduced. In ST201, a counter (a) and a number (p) of current sequence allocations are initialized, and in ST202, it is determined whether the number (p) of current sequence allocations is coincident with a number (K) of allocations to one cell. In ST203, it is determined whether the number (K) of allocations to the one cell is odd or even. If K is even, in ST204-ST206, sequence numbers (r=a and r=Na), which are not currently allocated, are combined and then allocated. If K is odd, in ST207-ST212, for sequences that cannot be paired, one of sequence numbers (r=a and r=Na), which are not currently allocated, is allocated.

A sequence allocating method and apparatus wherein in a system where a plurality of different Zadoff-Chu sequences or GCL sequences are allocated to a single cell, the arithmetic amount and circuit scale of a correlating circuit at a receiving end can be reduced. In ST201, a counter (a) and a number (p) of current sequence allocations are initialized, and in ST202, it is determined whether the number (p) of current sequence allocations is coincident with a number (K) of allocations to one cell. In ST203, it is determined whether the number (K) of allocations to the one cell is odd or even. If K is even, in ST204-ST206, sequence numbers (r=a and r=Na), which are not currently allocated, are combined and then allocated. If K is odd, in ST207-ST212, for sequences that cannot be paired, one of sequence numbers (r=a and r=Na), which are not currently allocated, is allocated.

A method and apparatus for allocating and processing sequences in a communication system is disclosed. The method includes: dividing sequences in a sequence group into multiple sub-groups, each sub-group corresponding to its own mode of occupying time frequency resources; selecting sequences from a candidate sequence collection corresponding to each sub-group to form the sequences in the sub-group by: the sequences in a sub-group i in a sequence group k being composed of n sequences in the candidate sequence collection, the n sequences making a |r.sub.i/N.sub.ic.sub.k/N.sub.p.sub.1| or |(r.sub.i/N.sub.ic.sub.k/N.sub.p.sub.1) modu m.sub.k,i| function value the smallest, second smallest, till the n.sup.th smallest respectively; allocating the sequence group to cells, users or channels. It prevents the sequences highly correlated with the sequences of a specific length from appearing in other sequence groups, thus reducing interference, avoiding the trouble of storing the lists of massive sequence groups.