An optical module configured to control a peer to peer transaction includes a silicon photonics substrate, memory formed on the silicon photonics substrate and configured to store a private key, application circuitry formed on the silicon photonics substrate and coupled to the memory, the application circuitry configured to receive, via an external interface, an electrical signal carrying instructions for executing a transaction, verify the transaction using the private key stored in the memory, and selectively generate a transaction message including information for completing the transaction, and optical communication circuitry formed on the silicon photonics substrate and responsive to the application circuitry, the optical communication circuitry configured to generate an optical signal based on the transaction message and transmit the optical signal to at least one remote entity.

Methods for data transmission, user equipment and a network device are provided. The method includes: User Equipment (UE) transmits data to a network device by using a first uplink transmission waveform on a first beam; the UE receives a first indication message transmitted by the network device, the first indication message is used for indicating an uplink transmission waveform corresponding to at least one beam; and the UE transmits data to the network device by using a second uplink transmission waveform on a second beam of the at least one beam, the second uplink transmission waveform is an uplink transmission waveform corresponding to the second beam indicated in the first indication message.

A method for communication includes detecting, at a first station in a wireless network, a beacon transmitted over the wireless network by a second station having multiple antennas. In response to the beacon, a request-to-send (RTS) frame is transmitted over the wireless network using a multi-carrier modulation scheme from the first station to the second station. The first station receives a clear-to-send (CTS) frame transmitted over the wireless network, in response to the RTS frame, by the second station via the multiple antennas using the multi-carrier modulation scheme, and estimates a property of the first station based on the received CTS frame.

A method for transmitting data through a multi-media communication network includes converting transmission entities into data symbols at a first communication device, transmitting the data symbols from the first communication device to a second communication device through at least two different types of communication media using only lower PHY layers of the at least two different types of communication media, and converting the data symbols into transmission entities at the second communication device. A network implementing a universal data link includes a first communication device configured to convert transmission entities into data symbols, a second communication device configured to convert the data symbols into transmission entities, at least a first communication medium and a second communication medium communicatively coupled between the first communication device and the second communication device, and a first physical-layer translator configured to translate data symbols without converting the data symbols into transmission entities. In order to reduce processing time and end-to-end latency, the physical-layer translator only performs demodulation and modulation operations, optionally also equalization.

Increasing an analog to digital converter (ADC) dynamic range for a communications device. In the communications device, a reference threshold is established for a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) improvement factor for RF signals received by the communications device. A digital to analog converter (DAC) adjustment factor is established for a DAC to account for inaccuracies of a pre-cancellation DAC and fine tuning of an analog gain of received RF signals. A peak amplitude separation element evaluates an absolute value of a portion of a particular RF signal against the reference threshold. Upon the peak amplitude separation element determining that the portion is smaller than the reference threshold, the element assigns a zero value to a DAC signal current sample; otherwise, the element assigns a quantized value of the sample to the DAC signal current sample, used in adjusting a post-cancellation signal sample.

Demodulation references are short messages exhibiting modulation levels of a modulation scheme, to assist the receiver in demodulating a message. Disclosed are short-form demodulation references suitable for pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) messages in 5G and 6G. Each resource element of the short-form PAM demodulation reference provides two amplitude calibrations, one for each I or Q branch, from which the remaining amplitude levels of the modulation scheme can be readily calculated in real-time. The receiver can then demodulate a message by matching the branch amplitude values of each message element to the calibrated amplitude levels as determined from the demodulation reference. To indicate the start and end of the message, different configurations can be placed before and after the message. To mitigate high levels of background, a short single-symbol demodulation reference can be embedded in the message at multiple positions. Configurations are suitable for adoption as a demodulation standard.

A communication device effectively transmits high-speed data while being less affected by restrictions of an environment by adjusting a communication channel depending on an optical communication environment.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a transmitting device may identify one or more blocks of data for transmission to a receiving device. The transmitting device may map subsets of bits of the one or more blocks of data to a constellation of symbol points of a modulation order to obtain a set of symbols and may then transmit a signal including the set of symbols to a receiving device. In some systems, a receiving device may receive, from the transmitting device, the signal including the set of symbols associated with blocks of data. The receiving device may de-map the set of symbols according to a constellation of symbol points of a modulation order to obtain a plurality of sets of de-mapped data bits and decode a plurality of sets of de-mapped data bits to obtain the blocks of data.

In a broadband wireless communication system, a spread spectrum signal is intentionally overlapped with an OFDM signal, in a time domain, a frequency domain, or both. The OFDM signal, which inherently has a high spectral efficiency, is used for carrying broadband data or control information. The spread spectrum signal, which is designed to have a high spread gain for overcoming severe interference, is used for facilitating system functions such as initial random access, channel probing, or short messaging. Methods and techniques are devised to ensure that the mutual interference between the overlapped signals is minimized to have insignificant impact on either signal and that both signals are detectable with expected performance by a receiver.

A method of fast link adaptation for Bluetooth long-range wireless networks is provided. A data packet comprises a preamble, a first packet portion including a rate indication field, and a second packet portion including a PDU. The first packet portion is encoded using a first modulation and coding scheme with a first rate while the second packet portion is encoded using a second modulation and coding scheme with a second rate indicated by the RI field. A transmitter thus can use different MCS options to support variable data rates by adapting to channel conditions, and then uses the novel RI field to indicate the data rate to a receiver dynamically. As a result, fast link adaptation can be achieved for different applications with different rate requirements, to provide higher data rate, reduce connection time, lower power consumption, and improve link quality.