Methods for treating cardiovascular disorders that include administration of an ECM based composition to damaged cardiovascular tissue in conjunction with a treatment remedy, such as transmyocardial revascularization (TMR), which induces enhanced bioremodeling of the damaged cardiovascular tissue and regeneration of new cardiovascular tissue and associated structures with site-specific structural and functional properties.

The present application relates to use of transglutaminases to treat various tissue matrix products. The methods can include application of a transglutaminase to a partially denatured collagen-containing tissue matrix and implantation of the tissue matrix. The transglutaminase can facilitate adhesion with another collagen-containing tissue matrix, tissue surrounding the tissue matrix after implantation, or both.

A prosthetic valve comprising a conical shaped ribbon structure comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. The ribbon structure comprises a plurality of elongated ribbon members that are positioned proximate each other in a joined relationship, wherein the ribbon members are positioned adjacent each other and form a plurality of fluid flow modulating regions that open when fluid flow through the valve exhibits a negative flow pressure and open when fluid flow through the valve exhibits a positive flow pressure.

A method for making a biocompatible implantable areal device that is formed by a plurality of thread sections that are separated by a plurality of spaces that define a linear distance. The method includes the steps of configuring a range of the linear distance length and selecting thread sections with maximal diameter that maintain a ratio such that for maximal diameter of 200 nanometers linear distance of 5 microns, maximal 1 micron distance of 5 to 40 microns, maximal 10 microns distance of 40 to 200, maximal 40 microns distance of 200 microns to 1 millimeter, maximal 120 microns distance of 1 to 2 millimeters, maximal 400 microns distance of 2 to 5 millimeters, maximal 1.4 millimeters distance of 5 to 10, maximal 2.5 millimeters distance of 10 to 20, maximal 5 millimeters distance of 20 to 40, and maximal 10 millimeters distance greater than 40 millimeters.

The present invention relates to preparation and use of biocompatible and electrically conductive 3D hydrogels comprising nanocellulose fibrils, such as disintegrated bacterial nanocellulose, plant derived nanocellulose, tunicate derived nanocellulose, or algae derived nanocellulose, together with carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide, as a biocompatible and conductive 3D hydrogel for diagnostics and intervention to mimic or restore tissue and organ function. Biocompatible conductive 3D hydrogels described in this invention can be extruded, casted or injected. The 3D hydrogels described in this invention are cohesive 3D structures and provide electrical conductivity in wet form. 3D hydrogels described in this invention can be further crosslinked using divalent ions such as Calcium ions which improve mechanical stability. Such crosslinking can take place in an animal or human body in a physiological environment after injection into the tissue. 3D hydrogels are biocompatible and show preferable mechanical properties and electrical conductivity through printed lines (4.10.sup.1 S cm.sup.1). The 3D hydrogels prepared by this invention are suited as bioassays to screen drugs against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, study brain function, and/or be used to link the human brain with electronic and/or communication devices. They can also be injected to replace neural tissue or stimulate guiding of neural cells. They can also be used to inject into the heart and stimulate the heart by using electrical signaling or to repair myocardial infarction.

Methods for treating cardiovascular disorders that include administration of an ECM based composition to damaged cardiovascular tissue in conjunction with a treatment remedy, such as ventricular assistance and transmyocardial revascularization (TMR), which induces enhanced bioremodeling of the damaged cardiovascular tissue and regeneration of new cardiovascular tissue and associated structures with site-specific structural and functional properties.

Disclosed herein are muscle implants and methods of making muscle implants comprising one or more decellularized muscle matrices. The muscle matrices can, optionally, be joined to one or more decellularized dermal matrices. The muscle implants can be used to enhance muscle volume or to treat muscle damage, defects, and/or disorders. The decellularized muscle matrices in the implants retain at least some of the myofibers found in a muscle tissue prior to processing.

The present disclosure relates to methods for recellularization of valves in valve-bearing veins. This method is useful for producing an allogeneic venous valve, wherein a donor valve-bearing vein is decellularized and then recellularized using whole blood or bone marrow stem cells. The allogeneic valves produced by the methods disclosed herein are advantageous for implantation, transplantation, or grafting into patients with vascular diseases.

Compositions of the invention for regenerating defective or absent myocardium comprise an emulsified or injectable extracellular matrix composition. The composition may also include an extracellular matrix scaffold component of any formulation, and further include added cells, proteins, or other components to optimize the regenerative process and restore cardiac function.

A cardiac patch for treatment of a mammalian heart including perfusable vessels embedded integratedly between two layers of anisotropically oriented myocardial fibers. The cardiac patch is made using a dual 3D bioprinting technique using stereolithography to form an anisotropic construct and extrusion printing to form perfusion vessels. A nutrient and oxygen containing media can be provided within the perfusion vessels for growth of cells in the cardiac patch. The technique permits larger patches to be made for the treatment of cardiac damage in both small and large mammalian hearts.