A HART modem includes: a HART/Host communication conversion unit, which relays communication between a HART device and a HART host device; a communication waveform detection unit configured to generate data sampled from HART communication signals transmitted and received to and from the HART device; and a communication interface unit configured to transmit the data generated by the communication waveform detection unit to the HART host device.

Devices, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for using connectionless loops for monitoring data link health using connectionless loops over redundant Internet Protocol (IP) networks are described herein. One system includes an IP network device connected to a device used by a party to communicate with another party through an IP network, a first network device operating a first network and referring to the IP network device with a first identifier, a second network device operating a second network and referring to the IP network device with a second identifier, an intermediary device allowing communication between the first and second networks, and instructions to create a connectionless packet, send the packet through the first network addressed to the second identifier, such that the packet is routed from the first network to the intermediary device and into the second network based on the second identifier, and receive the packet.

Devices, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for using connectionless loops for monitoring data link health using connectionless loops over redundant Internet Protocol (IP) networks are described herein. One system includes an IP network device connected to a device used by a party to communicate with another party through an IP network, a first network device operating a first network and referring to the IP network device with a first identifier, a second network device operating a second network and referring to the IP network device with a second identifier, an intermediary device allowing communication between the first and second networks, and instructions to create a connectionless packet, send the packet through the first network addressed to the second identifier, such that the packet is routed from the first network to the intermediary device and into the second network based on the second identifier, and receive the packet.

The embodiments herein achieve a method and a UE for enabling a transport layer optimization using a preemptive cross layer signaling. The method includes transmitting at least one information to the NR L2 receiver for the transport layer optimization for a data flow(s). The at least one information includes at least one of a configuration for requesting a buffer status of the NR L2 receiver, a policy to inspect data packets of the data flow(s), a configuration for enabling or disabling the transport layer optimization, a retransmission timeout (RTO) and a round trip time (RTT) of the data flow(s), an impending RTO value of the data flow(s) and a threshold value of a buffer size. Further, the method includes enabling the transport layer optimization based on the at least one information received from the NR L3 receiver to avoid receiving of duplicate data packets from a TCP sender.

The present disclosure relates to a 4G or 5G core network system (10). The system (10) comprises a plurality of network functions (15) in a 4G or 5G core network (11), wherein the network functions (15) are configured to communicate with each other using data packets. The system (10) further comprises at least one deep packet inspection (DPI) engine (13) which is configured to process the data packets and to analyze a protocol stack of said data packets in order to detect security-relevant activities in the 4G or 5G core network (11).

Some embodiments provide a method of selecting data links for an application in a network. The method receives, from a machine implementing the application, a set of identifiers of required link characteristics. Based on at least one of the identifiers, the method selects a transport group that includes a set of optional links matching the identifiers. From the selected transport group, the method selects a link matching the set of identifiers.

Some embodiments provide a method of selecting data links for an application in a network. The method receives, from a machine implementing the application, a set of identifiers of required link characteristics. Based on at least one of the identifiers, the method selects a transport group that includes a set of optional links matching the identifiers. From the selected transport group, the method selects a link matching the set of identifiers.

Methods, systems, computer-readable media, and apparatuses are described for sending different update times corresponding to a same version of a resource. A computing device may provide a version of a resource in response to requests from a plurality of different devices, and may indicate different update times for the version of the resource. The different update times may be based on times associated with the requests from the plurality of different devices.

Provided are a message processing method and apparatus, a control-plane device and a computer storage medium. The method includes receiving a first message containing at least one type of private-format data; determining identification information of a target device according to the first message and selecting a message parsing plug-in that matches the determined identification information of the target device; and sending the first message to the selected message parsing plug-in and receiving parsed data from the selected message parsing plug-in, where the parsed data is data obtained after the selected message parsing plug-in parses the at least one type of private-format data in the first message; and determining, according to the parsed data, a manner in which the target device processes a second message used for accessing a website.

Provided are a message processing method and apparatus, a control-plane device and a computer storage medium. The method includes receiving a first message containing at least one type of private-format data; determining identification information of a target device according to the first message and selecting a message parsing plug-in that matches the determined identification information of the target device; and sending the first message to the selected message parsing plug-in and receiving parsed data from the selected message parsing plug-in, where the parsed data is data obtained after the selected message parsing plug-in parses the at least one type of private-format data in the first message; and determining, according to the parsed data, a manner in which the target device processes a second message used for accessing a website.