This application provides a method for forwarding a service packet, a method for sending an SR policy, a device, and a system, and belongs to the field of network technologies. In the solution provided in this application, a network device may forward, according to a first candidate path in an SR policy through a sub-interface corresponding to a first network slice, a service packet, and the first candidate path and a first identifier of a first network slice corresponding to the first candidate path are encapsulated in the service packet.

A method including receiving, by a device in communication with a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a mesh network, a first communication from the first endpoint and a second communication from the second endpoint; selectively comparing, by the device, first observed connection state information associated with the first communication with the stored connection state information associated with outgoing communications transmitted by the device, and second observed connection state information associated with the second communication with the stored connection state information; and selectively processing, by the device, the first communication based at least in part on a result of selectively comparing the first observed connection state information with the stored connection state information, and the second communication based at least in part on a result of selectively comparing the second observed connection state information with the stored connection state information. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Disclosed herein a source routing apparatus and method in ICN. The method includes: receiving an interest packet; extracting a current entry value when the received interest packet includes a forwarding hint; using the extracted current entry value as an index of a path list; extracting a name of the interest packet; reducing the current entry value when the interest packet is transmitted to a network area of the path list; performing a FIB lookup with the extracted name; determining an output port using the FIB lookup; and transmitting the interest packet to the output port.

A routing system for distributing multicast routing information for a multicast service includes a plurality of routers including a multicast source router and a plurality of multicast receiver routers, the plurality of routers providing a multicast service, wherein the routers are configured to exchange multicast information associated with the multicast service including identification of multicast sources and the multicast receivers.

A communication system utilizing unified gateways bridges communication gaps between data transmitters having differing transmission, security, data format, overhead restrictions and performance metrics by dynamically determining optimal data paths for the data being routed. The unified gateways can also dynamically alter data packages to upgrade/downgrade security standards, alter transmission networks, translate data to match recipient requirements and split/combine data to optimize data throughput using disparate systems.

Techniques are described for computing lists of segment identifiers (SIDs) that satisfy each path in a multipath solution for a segment routing (SR) policy. In an example, a method includes obtaining, by a computing device, a plurality of paths through a network comprising one or more network nodes, each path of the plurality of paths representing a different sequence of links connecting pairs of the network nodes from a source to a destination; computing, by the computing device, one or more lists of segments identifiers (SIDs) that satisfy each path of the plurality of paths; and programming the network to forward network traffic based at least on the one or more lists of SIDs.

Some embodiments provide a method that configures a virtual datacenter that includes a set of workloads executing on hosts in a public cloud and an edge gateway executing on a particular host for handling data traffic between the workloads and different external entities having different sets of network addresses. The method configures a router to execute on the particular host to route data messages between the edge gateway and an underlay network of the public cloud. The router has at least two different interfaces for exchanging data messages with the edge gateway, each router interface corresponding to an interface of the edge gateway. The edge gateway interfaces enable the edge gateway to perform different sets of services on data messages between the workloads and the external entities. The method configures the router to route traffic received from the external entities and addressed to the workloads based on source network addresses.

A communication system for transmitting data packets includes: at least one Access Node (AN) connectable to a user equipment (UE); a User Plane Function (UPF) component; and a data network (DN). The UPF component is a distributed component and comprises: at least one User Plane Function Edge (UPF-E) component and a User Plane Function Core (UPF-C) component, the UPF-E component being connected between the at least one AN and the UPF-C component, and the UPF-C component being connected between the UPF-E component and the data network (DN) or another UPF-C; and a UPF Management (UPF-M) component configured to terminate an N4 interface.

Systems and methods for routing data packets in mobile ad-hoc networks. An interest packet is sent from a data consumer to a data producer via multiple intermediate routing devices. The interest packet is transmitted from one routing device to the next routing device based on the geographic position of the routing devices and the interest message carries information about the links and network nodes it passes when being transmitted. The data packet is transmitted from the data producer to the data consumer the same path in the reverse order. In case one of the intermediate nodes is not available anymore, due to the mobile nature of the ad-hoc network, an opportunistic forwarding strategy is applied.

This application provides a packet processing method and a device. In this application, a control identifier field is added to a packet, and the control identifier field indicates whether forwarding of the packet is allowed when a resource corresponding to a slice identifier fails to be matched. The control identifier field and a slice identifier of a network slice are carried in the packet, so that the slice identifier and the control identifier field are transmitted on a network together. When a receive end fails to match the resource corresponding to the slice identifier, the receive end can discard the packet based on the control identifier field, instead of forwarding the packet by using routing information.