A communication network includes base stations. Each base station includes a BS function unit, a terminal function unit, a transfer unit, and an antenna. The antenna receives first uplink data from a subscriber terminal and downlink data transmitted from another base station and transmits downlink data to another base station or a subscriber terminal. The terminal function unit converts the downlink data received by the antenna to second uplink data. The BS function unit demodulates and outputs the first uplink data or the second uplink data as first data, and modulates input second data into downlink data and transmits the downlink data from the antenna. The transfer unit recognizes a communication destination of the first data, and, when a transfer of the first data is required, outputs the first data to the BS function unit as second data.

In an OpenFlow network, a “proactive type” is attained and hardware (HW) performance problem is solved. Specifically, in the OpenFlow network, each of a plurality of switches executes, on a reception packet that meets a rule of an entry registered in its own flow table, an operation based on an action defined in the entry. A controller registers an entry, in which an identifier unique to a path calculated based on a physical topology of a network composed of the plurality of switches is set as a rule and an output from a predetermined output port as an action, in each of the plurality of switches before communication is started among the plurality of switches.

A distributed storage system includes: a plurality of servers that store data that is associated with key information, respectively; a packet forwarding apparatus that, on receipt of a new packet that contains the key information and is addressed to one of the plurality of servers, requests a control apparatus to decide a forwarding destination from among the plurality of servers; and the control apparatus. The control apparatus includes: a forwarding destination selection section that decides a forwarding destination of the packet based on key information in a header part of the packet; and an entry setting section that sets, in a packet forwarding apparatus(es) on a path to the forwarding destination, a flow entry for forwarding a subsequent packet(s) with same key information to the forwarding destination. The packet forwarding apparatus(es) forwards a packet(s) with the same key information to the forwarding destination using the set flow entry.

Apparatus and method for routing packets in a computer network. A network switch for routing packets in a computer network includes a plurality of ports for communicative connection of computing devices to the switch, and routing logic. The routing logic is configured to extract, from a packet received via a first of the ports, a destination address that identifies a destination device to which the packet is directed; to extract from the destination address a switch ID value and a port ID value; to compare the switch ID value extracted from the destination address to a switch ID value identifying the network switch; and to transmit the packet via a second of the ports of the network switch corresponding to the port ID value based on the switch ID value extracted from the destination address being equal to the switch ID value identifying the network switch.

Some embodiments provide a method for implementing a logical router in a network. The method receives a definition of a logical router for implementation on a set of network elements. The method defines several routing components for the logical router. Each of the defined routing components includes a separate set of routes and separate set of logical interfaces. The method implements the several routing components in the network. In some embodiments, the several routing components include one distributed routing component and several centralized routing components.

The disclosed computer-implemented method for preventing tromboning in inter-subnet traffic within data center architectures may include (1) detecting, at a leaf node of a data center, a route advertisement that advertises a route to a spine node of another data center that interfaces with the data center, (2) identifying, at the leaf node, an IP identifier of the spine node included in the route advertisement, (3) determining, at the leaf node, that the route corresponds to the spine node based at least in part on the IP identifier identified in the route advertisement, and then in response to determining that the route corresponds to the spine node, (4) rejecting the route to the spine node at the leaf node such that the leaf node does not learn the route to the spine node. Various other methods, systems, and apparatuses are also disclosed.

An advanced routing system and protocol (referred to herein as “Route Exchange” or “REX”) hides familiar IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and replaces traditional routing logic with words and relationships between named elements. Among other things, this makes IP routing tables significantly easier to understand. In addition, a single routing scheme can be used for any combination of private networks, public networks, IPv4 addressing models, and IPv6 addressing models. Underneath the words lie real IP addresses that move the packets from place to place. These routing addresses abstract away the underlying network.

Disclosed are communication methods in a divided vehicle network. An operation method of a first end node includes: generating a frame; and transmitting the frame to a switch connected to the first end node. A source internet protocol (IP) address of the frame is set to an IP address of the first end node, a destination IP address of the frame is set to an IP address of a second end node belonging to a second domain in the vehicle network, a source medium access control (MAC) address of the frame is set to a MAC address of the first end node, and a destination MAC address of the frame is set to a MAC address of a gateway supporting inter-domain communications.

The present disclosure discloses a method for acquiring a content, a user equipment and a cache node. The method includes: a user equipment requests a target content from a management node; receives a first probe packet and a second probe packet, the first probe packet includes an identifier of a fragment of the target content and a shortest distance from the fragment to the user equipment on a first path, and the second probe packet includes the identifier of the fragment of the target content and a shortest distance from the fragment to the user equipment on a second path; determines an optimal path according to the shortest distance from the fragment to the user equipment on the first path and the shortest distance from the fragment to the user equipment on the second path; and sends a second acquiring request used for acquiring the fragment through the optimal path.

A device receives network information associated with a network and server information associated with one or more server devices, wherein the network is associated with a network device and the one or more server devices. The device generates, based on the network information and the server information, an encapsulation profile for a tunnel encapsulation path and a route profile for the tunnel encapsulation path. The device provides, to the network device, the encapsulation profile for the tunnel encapsulation path and the route profile for the tunnel encapsulation path, and provides, to the one or more server devices, the encapsulation profile for the tunnel encapsulation path. The tunnel encapsulation path is provided between the network device and the one or more server devices, via the network, based on the encapsulation profile for the tunnel encapsulation path and the route profile for the tunnel encapsulation path.