A communication device for use in a system including a database storing a unique identifier and position information for every mobile communication terminal is provided with an acquisition unit that acquires, based on the unique identifier of a mobile communication terminal serving as a communication destination, the position information of the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination from the database, and acquires an IP address of a router accommodating the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination, based on the acquired position information, and a communication unit that transmits a packet having the IP address in a header.

A communication device for use in a system including a database storing a unique identifier and position information for every mobile communication terminal is provided with an acquisition unit that acquires, based on the unique identifier of a mobile communication terminal serving as a communication destination, the position information of the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination from the database, and acquires an IP address of a router accommodating the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination, based on the acquired position information, and a communication unit that transmits a packet having the IP address in a header.

A method includes: receiving an uplink data stream packet; determining a resource module used to process the uplink data stream packet and an identifier of the resource module; modifying the uplink data stream packet based on the identifier of the resource module; and forwarding a modified uplink data stream packet. After a downlink data stream packet is received, a resource module used to process the downlink data stream packet is determined based on an identifier of a resource module in the downlink data stream packet, where the identifier of the resource module in the downlink data stream packet is added after learning the identifier of the resource module in the uplink data stream packet. In this method, the uplink and downlink data stream packets are transmitted by using a same resource module, so that a success rate of communication transmission is effectively improved.

A method includes: receiving an uplink data stream packet; determining a resource module used to process the uplink data stream packet and an identifier of the resource module; modifying the uplink data stream packet based on the identifier of the resource module; and forwarding a modified uplink data stream packet. After a downlink data stream packet is received, a resource module used to process the downlink data stream packet is determined based on an identifier of a resource module in the downlink data stream packet, where the identifier of the resource module in the downlink data stream packet is added after learning the identifier of the resource module in the uplink data stream packet. In this method, the uplink and downlink data stream packets are transmitted by using a same resource module, so that a success rate of communication transmission is effectively improved.

Systems and methods for vendor-agnostic access to non-volatile memory of a wireless memory tag are provided. A wireless memory host includes a radio and controller. The controller generates vendor-agnostic commands to access a register-based interface that ultimately results in access to the non-volatile memory.

Systems and methods for vendor-agnostic access to non-volatile memory of a wireless memory tag are provided. A wireless memory host includes a radio and controller. The controller generates vendor-agnostic commands to access a register-based interface that ultimately results in access to the non-volatile memory.

A network device is provided. The network device includes one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors are configured to one or more of receive the DL MU PPDU, decode a data frame from the DL MU PPDU, determine whether an acknowledgement (ACK) policy indicated in the MAC header signals a trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy, and determine whether a trigger indication for an uplink (UL) MU transmission has been obtained from a payload of a data frame. In response to the processor determines that the ACK policy indication signals the trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy and determines that the trigger indication has been obtained, the processor is configured to transmit a trigger-based immediate acknowledgement frame to the AP in an UL MU PPDU, based on the trigger indication. In response to the processor determines that the ACK policy signals the trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy and determines that the trigger indication has not been obtained, the processor is configured to not transmit an immediate acknowledgement to the access point.

A network device is provided. The network device includes one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors are configured to one or more of receive the DL MU PPDU, decode a data frame from the DL MU PPDU, determine whether an acknowledgement (ACK) policy indicated in the MAC header signals a trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy, and determine whether a trigger indication for an uplink (UL) MU transmission has been obtained from a payload of a data frame. In response to the processor determines that the ACK policy indication signals the trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy and determines that the trigger indication has been obtained, the processor is configured to transmit a trigger-based immediate acknowledgement frame to the AP in an UL MU PPDU, based on the trigger indication. In response to the processor determines that the ACK policy signals the trigger-based immediate acknowledgement policy and determines that the trigger indication has not been obtained, the processor is configured to not transmit an immediate acknowledgement to the access point.

The routing of data received from a first network device into a second network device, each having a link aggregation engine, includes detecting whether or not the data has already undergone a link aggregation operation in the first device or upstream, based on markers present in the data, and then selecting an output link from all the output links of the second device participating in link aggregation if the data has not already undergone link aggregation, or selecting the output link from all the output links of the second device participating in link aggregation except for the output link towards the first device if the data has already undergone link aggregation, and transmitting the data on the output link selected.

The routing of data received from a first network device into a second network device, each having a link aggregation engine, includes detecting whether or not the data has already undergone a link aggregation operation in the first device or upstream, based on markers present in the data, and then selecting an output link from all the output links of the second device participating in link aggregation if the data has not already undergone link aggregation, or selecting the output link from all the output links of the second device participating in link aggregation except for the output link towards the first device if the data has already undergone link aggregation, and transmitting the data on the output link selected.