A method in a source node establishing independent network paths including a first and second router nodes connected to the source node over a first and second mutually independent networks. The source node includes a first interface towards the first network, associated with a path identifier for a first network path; a second interface towards a second network associated with a path identifier for a second network path, and is configured to select which of the first and second router nodes should be used for sending data from the source node to the destination node via the first and second network paths, wherein the source node is configured to select different router nodes for the first and second network paths.

A first device may receive information that identifies a second device. The second device may be connected to the first device or a third device. The second device may be a source of traffic to be received by the first device. The first device may determine whether the second device is local or remote to the first device based on receiving the information. The first device may store first information or second information based on determining whether the second device is local or remote. The first information may identify a route associated with the second device. The second information may identify a single route associated with multiple second devices. The first device may provide the traffic using the first information or the second information after storing the first information or the second information.

A method in a source node establishing independent network paths including a first and second router nodes connected to the source node over a first and second mutually independent networks. The source node includes a first interface towards the first network, associated with a path identifier for a first network path; a second interface towards a second network associated with a path identifier for a second network path, and is configured to select which of the first and second router nodes should be used for sending data from the source node to the destination node via the first and second network paths, wherein the source node is configured to select different router nodes for the first and second network paths.

ISP-free methods, systems and products may include requesting, by a requester, the information from a source, and then passing, such as pushing or pulling, the information from the requester to a controller comprising a director and an optimizer. Further, the method may include receiving instructions from at least one directory, wherein each of the at least one directory is associated with at least one router in a plurality of routers. Further still, the method may include creating, by the optimizer in communication with the at least one directory, a routing plan for routing the information over at least a portion of the plurality of routers. And, yet further, the method may include directing, based on the creating and by the director in communication with the optimizer, placement of the information on one or more of the plurality of routers. Thereafter, routing may commence without connectivity from an ISP.

A SDN controller calculates forwarding paths for a traffic flow based on SDN technology. The controller determines a maximum flow rate and flow rate identify of each forwarding path, generates ingress flow table entries based on packet characteristic information of the traffic flow, the flow rate identify and an output port of an ingress node on each forwarding path, and sends the ingress flow table entries and maximum flow rate and flow rate identify to the ingress node; generates intermediate flow table entry for each intermediate node base on the packet characteristic information, flow rate identify and an and the output port of each intermediate node, and send each intermediate flow table entry to corresponding intermediate node; generates an egress flow table entry based on packet characteristic information and an output port of an egress node for sending the traffic flow, and sends the egress flow table entry to the egress node.

A first network device receives an association relationship sent by a second network device, where the association relationship includes an association relationship between a first path and a second path. The first network device generates first routing information between the first network device and a target network device based on the association relationship, where the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the first path, and when a cross-slice condition is met, the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the second path.

A first device may receive information that identifies a second device. The second device may be connected to the first device or a third device. The second device may be a source of traffic to be received by the first device. The first device may determine whether the second device is local or remote to the first device based on receiving the information. The first device may store first information or second information based on determining whether the second device is local or remote. The first information may identify a route associated with the second device. The second information may identify a single route associated with multiple second devices. The first device may provide the traffic using the first information or the second information after storing the first information or the second information.

A method for configuring a first autonomous system in a transit network is described. The method includes obtaining information according to which the traffic received by an ingress router of the first autonomous system is saturated, and determining a prefix of a destination subnet of a third autonomous system downstream of the first autonomous system. The method also includes extending the path associated with the prefix on at least one target router of the first autonomous system, the prefix and the at least one target router being determined by optimizing an objective function so that the path associated with the prefix must be extended for all the ingress routers of the first autonomous system which are geographically closer to the saturated router than the target router.

A data packet in transit between a user device and a host through an internet service provider (ISP) core network is intercepted. The data packet is assigned to a category of content, and the data packet is analyzed to obtain a user identifier associated with the data packet. The user identifier uniquely identifies a user of the user device. An identity graph of the user is updated based on the category of content. The identity graph tracks accesses to different categories of content. A cohort of different users is created or updated using such identity graphs. The cohort belongs to a set of cohorts that are associated with user identifiers. The set of cohorts is queryable to determine a particular cohort to which a particular user identifier belongs to enable delivery of content associated with the particular cohort to a particular user represented by the particular user identifier.

A data packet in transit between a user device and a host through an internet service provider (ISP) core network is intercepted. The data packet is assigned to a category of content, and the data packet is analyzed to obtain a user identifier associated with the data packet. The user identifier uniquely identifies a user of the user device. An identity graph of the user is updated based on the category of content. The identity graph tracks accesses to different categories of content. A cohort of different users is created or updated using such identity graphs. The cohort belongs to a set of cohorts that are associated with user identifiers. The set of cohorts is queryable to determine a particular cohort to which a particular user identifier belongs to enable delivery of content associated with the particular cohort to a particular user represented by the particular user identifier.