To improve the network experience in a network, a unique device identifier (UDID) can be generated by a UDID generation module of a client device. The UDID generation module utilizes one or more device parameters as well as a service set identifier (SSID) as input(s) to the UDID generation module. The UDID can be reported to an access point device of the network so that the access point device can track, monitor, control, etc. the client device within the network, for example, when media access control randomization (rMAC) is utilized by the network to protect the privacy of the client device or a user of the client device. The same UDID is generated each time the client device joins the network so that the client device need not store the UDID.

Multicast and unicast communication among computing devices across different local area networks (LANs) and without static IP addresses is supported by assigning an instant-share (InS) address to an individual computing device. The InS address is recognizable by a dedicated router located in the Internet and enables the dedicated router to communicate with the individual computing device. The individual computing device embeds an InS address of a destination computing device in a data message to form an extended data message, and sends the extended data message to the dedicated router. The dedicated router then forwards the extended data message to the destination computing device. A group member contact synchronization among different computing devices in a group without Internet connectivity is also supported. Local lists of group members from different computing devices are collected. The most-recent one is used to update the local list of group members of a computing device.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for increasing local area network (LAN) device privacy. One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at an access point (AP). The method generally includes: determining a mapping between a first distribution system (DS) medium access control (MAC) address and a second DS MAC address; obtaining, from a source access terminal, a frame having the second DS MAC address; and sending at least a portion of the frame to a target access terminal based on the mapping between the first MAC address and the second MAC address.

This application provides a communication method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining a media access control (MAC) address that is of a terminal device and that is bound to a session and first route information of an interface, corresponding to the session, between a user plane function network element and a data network; and sending to an application function network element or a gateway of the data network, the MAC address that is of the terminal device and that is bound to the session and the first route information.

This application provides a communication method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining a media access control (MAC) address that is of a terminal device and that is bound to a session and first route information of an interface, corresponding to the session, between a user plane function network element and a data network; and sending to an application function network element or a gateway of the data network, the MAC address that is of the terminal device and that is bound to the session and the first route information.

A content provider has a plurality of content provider domain names, and a content delivery network (CDN) allocates a plurality of CDN domain names to the particular content provider. The content provider domain names are mapped to the CDN domain names. CDN domain names are bound to corresponding CDN clusters. The binding of the of CDN domain names to corresponding CDN clusters is modified.

A content provider has a plurality of content provider domain names, and a content delivery network (CDN) allocates a plurality of CDN domain names to the particular content provider. The content provider domain names are mapped to the CDN domain names. CDN domain names are bound to corresponding CDN clusters. The binding of the of CDN domain names to corresponding CDN clusters is modified.

Embodiments provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for joining a node to a network. The method includes: receiving an access indication that is sent by a joined node and that carries information about at least one joining node; broadcasting, according to the access indication, a MAP frame carrying the information about the at least one joining node, so that a joining node corresponding to the joining node information directly completes registration after receiving the MAP frame; and sending, by a DM, an authentication password to the joining node, so that the joining node completes authentication according to the authentication password and joins the network.

A content provider has a plurality of content provider domain names, and a content delivery network (CDN) allocates a plurality of CDN domain names to the particular content provider. The content provider domain names are mapped to the CDN domain names. CDN domain names are bound to corresponding CDN clusters. The binding of the of CDN domain names to corresponding CDN clusters is modified.

A content provider has a plurality of content provider domain names, and a content delivery network (CDN) allocates a plurality of CDN domain names to the particular content provider. The content provider domain names are mapped to the CDN domain names. CDN domain names are bound to corresponding CDN clusters. The binding of the of CDN domain names to corresponding CDN clusters is modified.