A cable communications network provides an alternative communications path between a user equipment device and a data network to a cellular path for a communications session with a desired level of Quality of Service. A cable modem termination system, coupled to a wireless core network, e.g., a 5G core network, interacts with the wireless core network to attempt to establish a PDU session for a UE with a desired QoS level. The core sends a QoS service request message to the CMTS including a requested level of QoS, an IP address and port number for the session. The CMTS and cable modem, corresponding to the UE, negotiate and decide if the request desired QoS level can be supported over the cable between the CMTS and the cable mode for the session.

A method of encoding a video bitstream implemented by a video encoder is disclosed. The method includes storing, in a memory of the video encoder, a set of less than five network abstraction layer (NAL) unit types available for video data; selecting, by a processor of the video encoder, a NAL unit type from the set of less than five NAL unit types for a picture from the video data; generating, by the processor of the video encoder, a video bitstream containing a NAL unit corresponding to the NAL unit type selected and containing an identifier identifying the NAL unit type selected; and transmitting, by a transmitter of the video encoder, the video bitstream toward a video decoder. A corresponding method of decoding the video bitstream is also disclosed.

The subject technology determines, by at least one processor, that a value of a capability parameter is not available for a first recipient device, the first recipient device being one of a plurality of recipient devices. The subject technology receives, from the first recipient device, a value of the capability parameter. The subject technology clusters, by at least one processor, the plurality of recipient devices into a plurality of groups of recipient devices based on device capabilities including an available storage space. The subject technology determines, for each group of recipient devices, a set of content parameters compatible with device capabilities of the plurality of recipient devices of a group of client devices. The subject technology generates, for each group of recipient devices, a version of content according to an associated set of content parameters.

A device for retrieving media includes a memory configured to store media data of a media presentation; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: retrieve a manifest file for a media presentation indicating that container parsing of media data of a bitstream can be started at a resync point of a segment of a representation of the media presentation, the resync point being at a position other than a start of the segment and representing a point at which the container parsing of the media data of the bitstream can be started; use the manifest file to form a request to retrieve the media data of the representation starting at the resync point; send the request to initiate retrieval of the media data of the media presentation starting at the resync point; and present the retrieved media data.

An original input content is subjected to multiple constant quality probe encodes for a defined set of resolutions. In one embodiment, probe encodes encode a few parts of the original source video, for example, 30 seconds from 5 different positions. Each probe encode delivers an average bitrate that is required to achieve the configured constant quality. The mean value of the average bitrate is taken per resolution. This results in a list of bitrates that map to a resolution that would achieve the best quality, a custom bitrate table. Based on the custom bitrate table, an optimized bitrate ladder is computed. The process starts with a configurable minimum bitrate and steps up by a bitrate step size that is between a configurable min and max bitrate step size until the bitrate of the highest resolution is reached.

An original input content is subjected to multiple constant quality probe encodes for a defined set of resolutions. In one embodiment, probe encodes encode a few parts of the original source video, for example, 30 seconds from 5 different positions. Each probe encode delivers an average bitrate that is required to achieve the configured constant quality. The mean value of the average bitrate is taken per resolution. This results in a list of bitrates that map to a resolution that would achieve the best quality, a custom bitrate table. Based on the custom bitrate table, an optimized bitrate ladder is computed. The process starts with a configurable minimum bitrate and steps up by a bitrate step size that is between a configurable min and max bitrate step size until the bitrate of the highest resolution is reached.

A distribution device for delivering a selected viewport stream of virtual reality (VR) data to each of a plurality of client devices, comprising a processor configured for receiving a plurality of extended viewport streams of a VR video file each comprising a sequence of extended field of view (EFOV) frames created for a respective one of a plurality of overlapping segments constituting a sphere defined in the VR video file and delivering a selected one of the plurality of extended viewport streams to each of a plurality of client devices by performing the following for each of the client devices in each of a plurality of iterations: (1) receiving a current orientation data of the respective client device; (2) selecting one of the plurality of extended viewport streams according to the current orientation data; and (3) transmitting the selected extended viewport stream to the respective client device.

A distribution device for delivering a selected viewport stream of virtual reality (VR) data to each of a plurality of client devices, comprising a processor configured for receiving a plurality of extended viewport streams of a VR video file each comprising a sequence of extended field of view (EFOV) frames created for a respective one of a plurality of overlapping segments constituting a sphere defined in the VR video file and delivering a selected one of the plurality of extended viewport streams to each of a plurality of client devices by performing the following for each of the client devices in each of a plurality of iterations: (1) receiving a current orientation data of the respective client device; (2) selecting one of the plurality of extended viewport streams according to the current orientation data; and (3) transmitting the selected extended viewport stream to the respective client device.

A method for determining a Quality of Experience associated with a real-time communication session between user devices includes monitoring the real-time communication session and determining at least one quality indicator of the Quality of Experience, at least one first performance indicator of a Quality of Service, and at least one second performance indicator of the Quality of Service. Based on the quality indicator and the first performance indicator, the method determines, among a family of correlation functions indicative of the correlation between the Quality of Experience and a Quality of Service in respect of a generic real-time communication session, a correlation function which is indicative of the correlation between the Quality of Experience and the Quality of Service in respect of the monitored real-time communication session. Then the method applies the first performance indicator and the second performance indicator to the correlation function to determine said Quality of Experience.

A method for determining a Quality of Experience associated with a real-time communication session between user devices includes monitoring the real-time communication session and determining at least one quality indicator of the Quality of Experience, at least one first performance indicator of a Quality of Service, and at least one second performance indicator of the Quality of Service. Based on the quality indicator and the first performance indicator, the method determines, among a family of correlation functions indicative of the correlation between the Quality of Experience and a Quality of Service in respect of a generic real-time communication session, a correlation function which is indicative of the correlation between the Quality of Experience and the Quality of Service in respect of the monitored real-time communication session. Then the method applies the first performance indicator and the second performance indicator to the correlation function to determine said Quality of Experience.