A system designed for increasing network communication speed for users, while lowering network congestion for content owners and ISPs. The system employs network elements including an acceleration server, clients, agents, and peers, where communication requests generated by applications are intercepted by the client on the same machine. The IP address of the server in the communication request is transmitted to the acceleration server, which provides a list of agents to use for this IP address. The communication request is sent to the agents. One or more of the agents respond with a list of peers that have previously seen some or all of the content which is the response to this request (after checking whether this data is still valid). The client then downloads the data from these peers in parts and in parallel, thereby speeding up the Web transfer, releasing congestion from the Web by fetching the information from multiple sources, and relieving traffic from Web servers by offloading the data transfers from them to nearby peers.

A method for overcoming intermittent, temporary, or other fetching failures by using multiple attempts for retrieving a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed. The URL fetching may use direct or non-direct fetching schemes, or a combination thereof. The non-direct fetching method may use intermediate devices, such as proxy server, Data-Center proxy server, tunnel devices, or any combination thereof. Upon sensing a failure of a fetching action, the action is repeated using the same or different parameters or attributes, such as by using different intermediate devices, selected based on different parameters or attributes, such as different countries. The repetitions are limited to a pre-defined maximum number or attempts. The fetching attempts may be performed by the client device, by an intermediate device in a non-direct fetching scheme, or a combination thereof. Various fetching schemes may be used sequentially until the content is retrieved.

A method for overcoming intermittent, temporary, or other fetching failures by using multiple attempts for retrieving a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed. The URL fetching may use direct or non-direct fetching schemes, or a combination thereof. The non-direct fetching method may use intermediate devices, such as proxy server, Data-Center proxy server, tunnel devices, or any combination thereof. Upon sensing a failure of a fetching action, the action is repeated using the same or different parameters or attributes, such as by using different intermediate devices, selected based on different parameters or attributes, such as different countries. The repetitions are limited to a pre-defined maximum number or attempts. The fetching attempts may be performed by the client device, by an intermediate device in a non-direct fetching scheme, or a combination thereof. Various fetching schemes may be used sequentially until the content is retrieved.

Systems and methods for providing a digital content item to an authorized user are described. A system for providing access to a digital content item comprises a network interface, a memory, and one or more processors, the one or more processors to process a user request to obtain a digital resource identifier corresponding to a user-requested digital content item; select a digital resource provisioning platform to provide the user-requested digital content item, the selection based on holdings availability data; generate a link to the user-requested digital content item on the selected digital resource provisioning platform based on one or more rules specific to the selected digital resource provisioning platform; and provide to the user's computing device the link to the user-requested digital content item on the selected digital resource provisioning platform, the link to navigate a user interface directly to a view of the digital content item responsive to a selection of the link.

Systems and methods for providing a digital content item to an authorized user are described. A system for providing access to a digital content item comprises a network interface, a memory, and one or more processors, the one or more processors to process a user request to obtain a digital resource identifier corresponding to a user-requested digital content item; select a digital resource provisioning platform to provide the user-requested digital content item, the selection based on holdings availability data; generate a link to the user-requested digital content item on the selected digital resource provisioning platform based on one or more rules specific to the selected digital resource provisioning platform; and provide to the user's computing device the link to the user-requested digital content item on the selected digital resource provisioning platform, the link to navigate a user interface directly to a view of the digital content item responsive to a selection of the link.

Methods and systems for delivering data for cluster computing are described herein. A worker device may receive a dataset and store the dataset in a local storage media. This may prevent the need for the dataset to be sent over a network each time the applications are used to perform a task. Each application may be able to access the dataset in the local storage area. This may prevent the need to copy the dataset to memory associated with each application. A worker device may store a dataset, for example, if it determines that the frequency of updates to the dataset satisfy a threshold. The worker device may receive updates to the dataset via a messaging system and may store the updated data in the local storage media.

Methods and systems for delivering data for cluster computing are described herein. A worker device may receive a dataset and store the dataset in a local storage media. This may prevent the need for the dataset to be sent over a network each time the applications are used to perform a task. Each application may be able to access the dataset in the local storage area. This may prevent the need to copy the dataset to memory associated with each application. A worker device may store a dataset, for example, if it determines that the frequency of updates to the dataset satisfy a threshold. The worker device may receive updates to the dataset via a messaging system and may store the updated data in the local storage media.

A method including receiving, at a first VPN server during an established VPN connection, a first data request and a second data request from a user device; transmitting, by the first VPN server during the established VPN connection, the first data request and the second data request to a second VPN server; and receiving, by the first VPN server from the second VPN server during the established VPN connection, first data associated with the first data request and second data associated with the second data request, the first data being retrieved by the second VPN server using a first exit IP address associated with the second VPN server and the second data being retrieved by the second VPN server using a second exit IP address associated with the second VPN server, the second exit IP address being different from the first exit IP address. Various other aspects are contemplated.

A method including receiving, at a first VPN server during an established VPN connection, a first data request and a second data request from a user device; transmitting, by the first VPN server during the established VPN connection, the first data request and the second data request to a second VPN server; and receiving, by the first VPN server from the second VPN server during the established VPN connection, first data associated with the first data request and second data associated with the second data request, the first data being retrieved by the second VPN server using a first exit IP address associated with the second VPN server and the second data being retrieved by the second VPN server using a second exit IP address associated with the second VPN server, the second exit IP address being different from the first exit IP address. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Methods, apparatus and computer readable code for determining whether a potential relay device is a relay device are provided herein. In some embodiments, first and second information elements are received from a potential relay device, which is an original source of the second information element. In order to determine whether the potential relay device is a relay device, it is determined whether a feature of an original source of the first information element and a feature of the potential relay device are features unlikely to relate to a single device, wherein a positive result of the determining is indicative that the potential relay device is a relay device. In an exemplary embodiment, a disclosed system includes an information element receiver and a feature incompatibility analyzer. Optionally, the disclosed system includes a feature discovery module, a parameter obtainer and a feature database.