A communication device includes a first processor and a first memory device configured to store a first program that, when executed by the first processor, causes the first processor to acquire first network information transmitted and received between devices via a network, and transmit second network information to a network relay device, the second network information including the first network information and attribute information indicating an attribute of the first network information, the attribute information being based on predetermined conditions.

A communication device includes a first processor and a first memory device configured to store a first program that, when executed by the first processor, causes the first processor to acquire first network information transmitted and received between devices via a network, and transmit second network information to a network relay device, the second network information including the first network information and attribute information indicating an attribute of the first network information, the attribute information being based on predetermined conditions.

In a wireless network, a user equipment (UE) may support reflective quality of service (QoS), where QoS applied to uplink packets is implicitly derived from downlink packets. For example, when the UE receives a downlink packet that includes a reflective QoS (RQoS) indicator and a QoS flow identifier (QFI), the UE may apply the same QoS associated with the downlink packet to an uplink packet with one or more attributes that match the downlink packet. However, for a received downlink encapsulating security payload (ESP) packet that includes an RQoS indicator and a QFI, a modem cannot determine an uplink security parameters index (SPI) and downlink SPI pairing needed to enable RQoS because the uplink/downlink SPI pairing is known only by the upper layer. Accordingly, some aspects described herein enable the modem to learn uplink/downlink SPI pairings for ESP packets and thereby enable RQoS for ESP packets.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless node may receive a configuration for including extended routing information in backhaul adaptation protocol (BAP) headers. The wireless node may transmit a packet that includes extended routing information in a BAP header based at least in part on the configuration. In some aspects, a wireless node may receive a packet that includes extended routing information in a BAP header. The wireless node may process the packet based at least in part on the extended routing information in the BAP header. Numerous other aspects are described.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless node may receive a configuration for including extended routing information in backhaul adaptation protocol (BAP) headers. The wireless node may transmit a packet that includes extended routing information in a BAP header based at least in part on the configuration. In some aspects, a wireless node may receive a packet that includes extended routing information in a BAP header. The wireless node may process the packet based at least in part on the extended routing information in the BAP header. Numerous other aspects are described.

Methods, systems, and computer readable media for triggering a session initiation protocol (SIP) re-invite message are disclosed. One example method for triggering a SIP re-invite message occurs at a SIP node. The method comprises: determining that the SIP node is not needed as an intermediary node for facilitating SIP communications between a first SIP user agent and a second SIP user agent; generating a SIP message comprising information in a SIP extension header field for triggering an endpoint to generate a SIP re-invite message; and sending the SIP message toward the first SIP user agent.

Methods, systems, and computer readable media for triggering a session initiation protocol (SIP) re-invite message are disclosed. One example method for triggering a SIP re-invite message occurs at a SIP node. The method comprises: determining that the SIP node is not needed as an intermediary node for facilitating SIP communications between a first SIP user agent and a second SIP user agent; generating a SIP message comprising information in a SIP extension header field for triggering an endpoint to generate a SIP re-invite message; and sending the SIP message toward the first SIP user agent.

A system may include a first network device. The first network device may include a first processor configured to: obtain a copy of a first message sent from an application on a User Equipment device (UE); construct a signature based on the copy of the first message; and send a second message including the signature to a second network device. The second message may request the second network device to either train a classification model or to provide a device type of the UE or an application type of the application to the first network device.

A data transmission method and a related device are provided. In various embodiments a first device generates a two-dimensional index table based on a preset multi-thread sequence traversal algorithm and a size of target data that needs to be transmitted, where the two-dimensional index table is used to indicate a storage location of each piece of data in the target data. In those embodiments, the first device performs data reconstruction on the target data based on the two-dimensional index table to obtain a two-dimensional data block pool, where the two-dimensional data block pool includes a plurality of data blocks, and each data block corresponds to one pair of coordinates in the two-dimensional index table. Still in those embodiments, the first device obtains the plurality of data blocks through indexing by using the two-dimensional index table, and sending the plurality of data blocks to a second device.

This disclosure provides a decoding method and apparatus in the communications field. The method includes: extracting at least one piece of prior information from at least one first transport block that has been successfully decoded, and assembling the at least one piece of prior information into a prior information set, where one piece of prior information includes header information of a transmission protocol layer of one first transport block; when a to-be-decoded second transport block sent by a transmit end is received, selecting first prior information from the prior information set, where the second transport block is a transport block obtained by the transmit end by coding a third transport block; and decoding the second transport block based on the first prior information and first demodulation information of the second transport block, to obtain the third transport block.