This disclosure provides a decoding method and apparatus in the communications field. The method includes: extracting at least one piece of prior information from at least one first transport block that has been successfully decoded, and assembling the at least one piece of prior information into a prior information set, where one piece of prior information includes header information of a transmission protocol layer of one first transport block; when a to-be-decoded second transport block sent by a transmit end is received, selecting first prior information from the prior information set, where the second transport block is a transport block obtained by the transmit end by coding a third transport block; and decoding the second transport block based on the first prior information and first demodulation information of the second transport block, to obtain the third transport block.

A parsing apparatus includes a packet-type identification circuit and a parser. The packet-type identification circuit is to receive a packet to be parsed, and to identify a packet type of the packet by extracting a packet-type identifier from a defined field in the packet. The parser is to store one or more parsing templates that specify parsing of one or more respective packet types. When the packet type of the packet corresponds to a parsing template among the stored parsing templates, the parser is to parse the packet in accordance with. the stored parsing template. When the packet type of the packet does not correspond to any of the stored parsing templates, the parser is to parse the packet using an alternative parsing scheme.

A parsing apparatus includes a packet-type identification circuit and a parser. The packet-type identification circuit is to receive a packet to be parsed, and to identify a packet type of the packet by extracting a packet-type identifier from a defined field in the packet. The parser is to store one or more parsing templates that specify parsing of one or more respective packet types. When the packet type of the packet corresponds to a parsing template among the stored parsing templates, the parser is to parse the packet in accordance with. the stored parsing template. When the packet type of the packet does not correspond to any of the stored parsing templates, the parser is to parse the packet using an alternative parsing scheme.

Examples include registering a device driver with an operating system, including registering available hardware offloads. The operating system receives a call to a hardware offload, inserts a binary filter representing the hardware offload into a hardware component and causes the execution of the binary filter by the hardware component when the hardware offload is available, and executes the binary filter in software when the hardware offload is not available.

Examples include registering a device driver with an operating system, including registering available hardware offloads. The operating system receives a call to a hardware offload, inserts a binary filter representing the hardware offload into a hardware component and causes the execution of the binary filter by the hardware component when the hardware offload is available, and executes the binary filter in software when the hardware offload is not available.

The method includes generating, by an access point (AP), signaling that includes an AP identifier (ID) field, a bandwidth (BW) field, a guard interval (GI) field, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field, and a tail field, the AP ID field is used to indicate an ID of the AP, the BW field is used to indicate bandwidth required for data transmission subsequent to the signaling, the GI is used to indicate a length of a cyclic prefix (CP) required for data transmission subsequent to the signaling, the CRC field is used to guard a field before the CRC field in the signaling, and the Tail field is used to empty an encoder and a decoder, where the CRC field and the Tail field are the last two fields of the signaling. The method also includes sending, by the AP, the signaling.

The method includes generating, by an access point (AP), signaling that includes an AP identifier (ID) field, a bandwidth (BW) field, a guard interval (GI) field, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field, and a tail field, the AP ID field is used to indicate an ID of the AP, the BW field is used to indicate bandwidth required for data transmission subsequent to the signaling, the GI is used to indicate a length of a cyclic prefix (CP) required for data transmission subsequent to the signaling, the CRC field is used to guard a field before the CRC field in the signaling, and the Tail field is used to empty an encoder and a decoder, where the CRC field and the Tail field are the last two fields of the signaling. The method also includes sending, by the AP, the signaling.

A Media Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit processing method includes: obtaining a MAC protocol data unit (PDU), wherein the MAC PDU includes N sub-PDUs, each sub-PDU includes a logical channel identifier (LCID), the N sub-PDUs are arranged in a first sequence, and N is a positive integer; parsing the N sub-PDUs according to the first sequence, and when a first sub-PDU is parsed, stopping the parsing and reserving a parsed second sub-PDU, wherein the second sub-PDU includes at least one sub-PDU before the first sub-PDU in the N sub-PDUs in the first sequence, and a value of an LCID included in the first sub-PDU is a specified reserved value. In this way, a manner for processing a MAC PDU can be provided when a value of an LCID is an invalid value or a reserved value.

A Media Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit processing method includes: obtaining a MAC protocol data unit (PDU), wherein the MAC PDU includes N sub-PDUs, each sub-PDU includes a logical channel identifier (LCID), the N sub-PDUs are arranged in a first sequence, and N is a positive integer; parsing the N sub-PDUs according to the first sequence, and when a first sub-PDU is parsed, stopping the parsing and reserving a parsed second sub-PDU, wherein the second sub-PDU includes at least one sub-PDU before the first sub-PDU in the N sub-PDUs in the first sequence, and a value of an LCID included in the first sub-PDU is a specified reserved value. In this way, a manner for processing a MAC PDU can be provided when a value of an LCID is an invalid value or a reserved value.

A method includes capturing first data associated with a first packet flow originating from a first host using a first capture agent deployed at the first host to yield first flow data, capturing second data associated with a second packet flow originating from the first host from a second capture agent deployed outside of the first host to yield second flow data and comparing the first flow data and the second flow data to yield a difference. When the difference is above a threshold value, the method includes determining that a hidden process exists and corrective action can be taken.