Network appliances can use packet processing pipeline circuits to implement network rules for processing network packet flows by configuring the pipeline's processing stages to execute specific policies for specific network packets in accordance with the network rules. Trace reports that indicate network rules implemented at specific processing stages can be more informative than those indicating policies implemented by the processing stages. A method implemented by a network appliance can store network rules for processing network flows by the processing stages of a packet processing pipeline circuit. The method can produce a trace report in response to to receiving a trace directive for one of the network flows wherein one of the processing stages has applied a network rule to a network packet in one of the network flows. The trace report can indicate the network rule in association with the processing stage and the network flow.

One example may include a process that includes establishing a first transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between a client device and a server to form a virtual private network (VPN), permitting communication between the client device and the server on the first TCP connection, monitoring communication over the first TCP connection to identify one or more connection parameters, and establishing a second TCP connection between the client device and the server when the one or more connection parameters indicate a slowing of the first TCP connection below a threshold and below a previously measured connection rate.

A transmission method includes: generating one or more transfer frames that each store one or more streams used for content transfer; and transmitting the one or more generated frames through broadcast, each of the one or more streams storing one or more second transfer units, each of the one or more second transfer units storing one or more first transfer units, and each of the one or more first transfer units storing one or more Internet Protocol (IP) packets. In at least one stream among the one or more streams, each of the first transfer units positioned at a head contains reference clock information indicating time used for reproduction of the content.

A transmission method includes: generating one or more transfer frames that each store one or more streams used for content transfer; and transmitting the one or more generated frames through broadcast, each of the one or more streams storing one or more second transfer units, each of the one or more second transfer units storing one or more first transfer units, and each of the one or more first transfer units storing one or more Internet Protocol (IP) packets. In at least one stream among the one or more streams, each of the first transfer units positioned at a head contains reference clock information indicating time used for reproduction of the content.

A method of a transmitter transmitting a packet encoded by applying a coding scheme based on a wireless channel environment to a receiver, and a method of the receiver detecting the coding scheme applied to the encoded packet and decoding the packet, in which the transmitter applies a spreading factor corresponding to the coding scheme to a preamble of the packet, and the receiver decodes the packet by detecting the coding scheme using the preamble.

A method of a transmitter transmitting a packet encoded by applying a coding scheme based on a wireless channel environment to a receiver, and a method of the receiver detecting the coding scheme applied to the encoded packet and decoding the packet, in which the transmitter applies a spreading factor corresponding to the coding scheme to a preamble of the packet, and the receiver decodes the packet by detecting the coding scheme using the preamble.

A method for delivering data in a digital transmitter including generating service layer signaling (SLS) information comprising information for discovery and acquisition of at least one content component: generating service list table (SLT) information including bootstrap information for acquiring the SLS information; encapsulating the at least one content component, the SLS information and the SLT information via UDP/IP; and transmitting a broadcast signal comprising the at least one content component, the SLS information and the SLT information.

A method for delivering data in a digital transmitter including generating service layer signaling (SLS) information comprising information for discovery and acquisition of at least one content component: generating service list table (SLT) information including bootstrap information for acquiring the SLS information; encapsulating the at least one content component, the SLS information and the SLT information via UDP/IP; and transmitting a broadcast signal comprising the at least one content component, the SLS information and the SLT information.

A logical channel data packet transmission method for a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a processor configured to perform the following instructions. A packet data control protocol (PDCP) packet data unit (PDU) is duplicated to generate a first PDCP PDU and a second PDCP PDU in a PDCP entity. The first PDCP PDU is transmitted to a first radio link control (RLC) bearer. The second PDCP PDU is transmitted to a second RLC bearer. A first RLC PDU is generated in response to the first PDCP PDU in the first RLC bearer. A second RLC PDU is generated in response to the PDCP PDU in the second RLC bearer. The first RLC PDU and the second RLC PDU are received in a medium access control (MAC) entity associated to the first and second RLC bearers.

A logical channel data packet transmission method for a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a processor configured to perform the following instructions. A packet data control protocol (PDCP) packet data unit (PDU) is duplicated to generate a first PDCP PDU and a second PDCP PDU in a PDCP entity. The first PDCP PDU is transmitted to a first radio link control (RLC) bearer. The second PDCP PDU is transmitted to a second RLC bearer. A first RLC PDU is generated in response to the first PDCP PDU in the first RLC bearer. A second RLC PDU is generated in response to the PDCP PDU in the second RLC bearer. The first RLC PDU and the second RLC PDU are received in a medium access control (MAC) entity associated to the first and second RLC bearers.