A device may be configured to generate data packets including a packet header and a payload. The packet header may include a value that signals whether the payload encapsulates input data according to a single short packet encapsulation, a single long packet encapsulation, a segmented encapsulation, or a concatenated encapsulation.

A terminal includes a transmitting unit that transmits a signaling message including information indicating a context to be established with a base station when there is one device corresponding to a transmission source address of the context to be established with the base station, the one device being connected to the terminal; and a control unit that attaches, to data, a compressed header corresponding to the context, when the data received from the one device is to be transmitted after transmitting the signaling message, wherein the transmitting unit transmits, to the base station, the data to which the compressed header is attached, the data not including a context identifier for identifying the context.

This application provides a packet verification method, and the method includes: A first network device receives a BIER packet, where packet header information of the BIER packet includes a first keyed-hash message authentication code HMAC, and the first HMAC is used to verify whether the BIER packet is a valid BIER packet; determines a second HMAC based on a first key and first information in the packet header information, where the first information is used to indicate forwarding information of the BIER packet; determines whether the first HMAC is the same as the second HMAC; and when determining that the first HMAC is different from the second HMAC, determines that the BIER packet is an invalid BIER packet.

A device comprises processing circuitry configured to identify a telemetry packet indicating telemetry data for a plurality of packets output by a network device of a plurality of network devices and select a source identifier for the network device from a plurality of source identifiers. The processing circuitry is further configured to modify the telemetry packet to further indicate the selected source identifier and output the modified telemetry packet.

A method and device for configuring a data flow are disclosed in embodiments of this disclosure. The method includes: transmitting indication information to an SDAP entity receiving end if a DRB corresponding to a QoS data flow is changed from a source DRB to a target DRB. The indication information is used to indicate that transmission of a first QoS data flow is completed on the source DRB or transmission of data of a second QoS data flow starts on the target DRB. Data of the QoS data flow includes data of the first QoS data flow and data of the second QoS data flow.

A method and device for configuring a data flow are disclosed in embodiments of this disclosure. The method includes: transmitting indication information to an SDAP entity receiving end if a DRB corresponding to a QoS data flow is changed from a source DRB to a target DRB. The indication information is used to indicate that transmission of a first QoS data flow is completed on the source DRB or transmission of data of a second QoS data flow starts on the target DRB. Data of the QoS data flow includes data of the first QoS data flow and data of the second QoS data flow.

This application provides a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining significant bits in an N.sup.th data frame, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, a quantity of the significant bits in the N.sup.th data frame is smaller than a quantity of bits in the N.sup.th data frame, and remaining bits other than the significant bits in the N.sup.th data frame are insignificant bits in the N.sup.th data frame; and sending the significant bits in the N.sup.th data frame, and skipping sending the insignificant bits in the N.sup.th data frame. According to the application, on a premise of ensuring voice intelligibility, a transmit end apparatus transmits only the significant bits, to minimize a data transmission amount, thereby improving transmission reliability and coverage.

A system for serial communication may include a first device and a plurality of devices on a series connection. The first device may have a master circuit and the plurality devices may have a slave circuit. The master circuit may enable the first device to communicate with the plurality devices having the slave circuit on the series connection. The master circuit may enable the first device to send a command frame on the series connection. The command frame may include an execution mode command and a plurality of commands. The second devices may execute the commands within the command frame at or after the end of the command frame based on the execution mode command indicating a synchronous mode of command execution; and may execute the commands within the command frame at the ends of individual ones of the commands based on the execution mode command indicating a non-synchronous mode of command execution.

A system for serial communication may include a first device and a plurality of devices on a series connection. The first device may have a master circuit and the plurality devices may have a slave circuit. The master circuit may enable the first device to communicate with the plurality devices having the slave circuit on the series connection. The master circuit may enable the first device to send a command frame on the series connection. The command frame may include an execution mode command and a plurality of commands. The second devices may execute the commands within the command frame at or after the end of the command frame based on the execution mode command indicating a synchronous mode of command execution; and may execute the commands within the command frame at the ends of individual ones of the commands based on the execution mode command indicating a non-synchronous mode of command execution.

Devices and techniques for Information Centric Network (ICN) packet transmission control are described herein. An interest (or data) packet may be received at an ICN router. Here, the packet includes quality of service (QoS) information. For an interest packet, the ICN router creates a pending interest table (PIT) entry for the packet. The ICN router determines that it does not have a route for the packet. Thus, if it is an interest packet, there is no forward route in a forwarding information base (FIB). If it is a data packet, there is no corresponding PIT entry. However, after extracting the QoS information from the packet, the ICN router broadcasts the packet in accordance with the QoS information.