Example methods are provided a network device to perform service insertion in a public cloud environment that includes a first virtual network and a second virtual network. In one example method, in response to receiving a first encapsulated packet from a first virtualized computing instance located in the first virtual network, the network device may generate a decapsulated packet by performing decapsulation to remove, from the first encapsulated packet. The method may also comprise identifying a service path specified by a service insertion rule, and sending the decapsulated packet to the service path to cause the service path to process the decapsulated packet according to one or more services. The method may further comprise: in response to the network device receiving the decapsulated packet processed by the service path, sending the decapsulated packet, or generating and sending a second encapsulated packet, towards a destination address.

Example methods are provided a network device to perform service insertion in a public cloud environment that includes a first virtual network and a second virtual network. In one example method, in response to receiving a first encapsulated packet from a first virtualized computing instance located in the first virtual network, the network device may generate a decapsulated packet by performing decapsulation to remove, from the first encapsulated packet. The method may also comprise identifying a service path specified by a service insertion rule, and sending the decapsulated packet to the service path to cause the service path to process the decapsulated packet according to one or more services. The method may further comprise: in response to the network device receiving the decapsulated packet processed by the service path, sending the decapsulated packet, or generating and sending a second encapsulated packet, towards a destination address.

A wireless camera includes a wireless signal transceiver device, a processor circuit, and a camera device. The processor circuit controls the wireless signal transceiver device to operate at a Miracast mode in response to a first command, in order to connect with an external device. The camera device shots an object to generate first video streaming data having a first format. Under the Miracast mode, the processor circuit repacks the first video streaming data as second video streaming data having a second format, and transmits the second video streaming data to the external device via the wireless signal transceiver device, and in order to display the second video streaming data by the external device.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A transmitting device may associate, at a first protocol layer, a first sequence number to a data packet to perform integrity protection on at least a portion of the data packet. The transmitting device may associate, at the first protocol layer, a second sequence number to the data packet for wireless transmission to a receiving device. The transmitting device may indicate an offset between the first sequence number and the second sequence number in the data packet. The transmitting device may transmit the data packet to a second protocol layer for wireless transmission to the receiving device, the second protocol layer being a lower layer than the first protocol layer.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A transmitting device may associate, at a first protocol layer, a first sequence number to a data packet to perform integrity protection on at least a portion of the data packet. The transmitting device may associate, at the first protocol layer, a second sequence number to the data packet for wireless transmission to a receiving device. The transmitting device may indicate an offset between the first sequence number and the second sequence number in the data packet. The transmitting device may transmit the data packet to a second protocol layer for wireless transmission to the receiving device, the second protocol layer being a lower layer than the first protocol layer.

Some embodiments provide novel methods for performing services for machines operating in one or more datacenters. For instance, for a group of related guest machines (e.g., a group of tenant machines), some embodiments define two different forwarding planes: (1) a guest forwarding plane and (2) a service forwarding plane. The guest forwarding plane connects to the machines in the group and performs L2 and/or L3 forwarding for these machines. The service forwarding plane (1) connects to the service nodes that perform services on data messages sent to and from these machines, and (2) forwards these data messages to the service nodes. In some embodiments, the guest machines do not connect directly with the service forwarding plane. For instance, in some embodiments, each forwarding plane connects to a machine or service node through a port that receives data messages from, or supplies data messages to, the machine or service node. In such embodiments, the service forwarding plane does not have a port that directly receives data messages from, or supplies data messages to, any guest machine. Instead, in some such embodiments, data associated with a guest machine is routed to a port proxy module executing on the same host computer, and this other module has a service plane port. This port proxy module in some embodiments indirectly can connect more than one guest machine on the same host to the service plane (i.e., can serve as the port proxy module for more than one guest machine on the same host).

Example method includes: receiving a plurality of intent-based network policies in a network, wherein each intent-based policy comprises at least a rule and an action to be performed by a network function on a network packet in response to the rule being matched; identifying a set of header address spaces comprising a plurality of addresses that match to a same set of rules and actions; creating an atomic address object representing the identified set of header address spaces; and verifying the plurality of intent-based network policies using the atomic address object.

Example method includes: receiving a plurality of intent-based network policies in a network, wherein each intent-based policy comprises at least a rule and an action to be performed by a network function on a network packet in response to the rule being matched; identifying a set of header address spaces comprising a plurality of addresses that match to a same set of rules and actions; creating an atomic address object representing the identified set of header address spaces; and verifying the plurality of intent-based network policies using the atomic address object.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can synchronize, with less error, the data transmitted by the transmitter and the data it received. To further improve the framer index estimation, a lock indicator signal can be generated to signal to other receiver components that the estimated framer indices are reliable. The receiver can determine frequency offset and additional framer index estimations with increased reliability when performed after the lock indicator signal is generated.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can synchronize, with less error, the data transmitted by the transmitter and the data it received. To further improve the framer index estimation, a lock indicator signal can be generated to signal to other receiver components that the estimated framer indices are reliable. The receiver can determine frequency offset and additional framer index estimations with increased reliability when performed after the lock indicator signal is generated.