A filament or printing material placed in a syringe for 3D printing comprising polymers, proteins, and/or functional particles and materials is provided. Methods of treating a bone defect in a subject in need thereof comprising using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe to the bone defect of the subject are also provided. Methods of fixing or gluing natural or synthetic bone grafts using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe over and around the defect or at the interface of a flap and the bone. Methods of printing a graft cage for retaining bone grafts and/or bone graft substitiute in its desired location during healing for treatment of critical-sized segmental defects in long bones are provided.

Collagen matrix granulate blend, and process for making and using a collagen matrix or granulate blend including collagen and particles of a biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material having a sintered CAP core and having its total external surface covered by at least one closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core, whereby the epitactically grown nanocrystals have the same size and morphology as human bone mineral, wherein the closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP is transformed from the CAP on the external surface of the sintered CAP core has a non-homogeneous external surface comprising individual clusters of flat crystal platelets consisting of epitactically grown HAP nanocrystals and coarse areas between the individual clusters, whereby the percentage of the coarse areas between the individual clusters as measured by SEM is at least 20% of the total surface.

Collagen matrix granulate blend, and process for making and using a collagen matrix or granulate blend including collagen and particles of a biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material having a sintered CAP core and having its total external surface covered by at least one closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core, whereby the epitactically grown nanocrystals have the same size and morphology as human bone mineral, wherein the closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP is transformed from the CAP on the external surface of the sintered CAP core has a non-homogeneous external surface comprising individual clusters of flat crystal platelets consisting of epitactically grown HAP nanocrystals and coarse areas between the individual clusters, whereby the percentage of the coarse areas between the individual clusters as measured by SEM is at least 20% of the total surface.

Collagen matrix granulate blend, and process for making and using a collagen matrix or granulate blend including collagen and particles of a biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material having a sintered CAP core and having its total external surface covered by at least one closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core, whereby the epitactically grown nanocrystals have the same size and morphology as human bone mineral, wherein the closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP is transformed from the CAP on the external surface of the sintered CAP core has a non-homogeneous external surface comprising individual clusters of flat crystal platelets consisting of epitactically grown HAP nanocrystals and coarse areas between the individual clusters, whereby the percentage of the coarse areas between the individual clusters as measured by SEM is at least 20% of the total surface.

The present invention relates to a method of treating a bone defect site in a patient. The method includes applying to the bone defect site a bone graft composition comprising a scaffold having a desired shape. The scaffold includes a biodegradable polymer and a ceramic material. The scaffold includes interconnected pores and an average porosity range of about 50% to about 90%, wherein the porosity is substantially uniform throughout the scaffold. The scaffold is bioresorbable and exhibits advantageous mechanical properties that mimic those found in natural bone. Methods of preparing the scaffolds and using them in skeletal tissue engineering applications (e.g., as bone grafts to repair osteochondral defects and ligaments) is also described.

The present invention relates to a method of treating a bone defect site in a patient. The method includes applying to the bone defect site a bone graft composition comprising a scaffold having a desired shape. The scaffold includes a biodegradable polymer and a ceramic material. The scaffold includes interconnected pores and an average porosity range of about 50% to about 90%, wherein the porosity is substantially uniform throughout the scaffold. The scaffold is bioresorbable and exhibits advantageous mechanical properties that mimic those found in natural bone. Methods of preparing the scaffolds and using them in skeletal tissue engineering applications (e.g., as bone grafts to repair osteochondral defects and ligaments) is also described.

The present invention relates to a method of treating a bone defect site in a patient. The method includes applying to the bone defect site a bone graft composition comprising a scaffold having a desired shape. The scaffold includes a biodegradable polymer and a ceramic material. The scaffold includes interconnected pores and an average porosity range of about 50% to about 90%, wherein the porosity is substantially uniform throughout the scaffold. The scaffold is bioresorbable and exhibits advantageous mechanical properties that mimic those found in natural bone. Methods of preparing the scaffolds and using them in skeletal tissue engineering applications (e.g., as bone grafts to repair osteochondral defects and ligaments) is also described.

A biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material having a sintered CAP core and a closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core, wherein the closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core has a homogeneous coarse external surface comprising flat crystal platelets, which shows an enhanced osteogenic response, a method of promoting bone formation, bone regeneration and/or bone repair by implanting the biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material, and a process of preparation thereof.

A biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material having a sintered CAP core and a closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core, wherein the closed epitactically grown layer of nanocrystalline HAP deposited on the external surface of the sintered CAP core has a homogeneous coarse external surface comprising flat crystal platelets, which shows an enhanced osteogenic response, a method of promoting bone formation, bone regeneration and/or bone repair by implanting the biphasic calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (CAP/HAP) bone substitute material, and a process of preparation thereof.

A bioabsorbable textile for the restoration of the joint function whereas the joint is affected by partial thickness tears, small to medium full-thickness tears, large to massive full-thickness tears, acute and chronic/degenerative tears. The bioabsorbable textile may comprise polymeric yarns interconnected to form a weave or knitted configuration, wherein said bioabsorbable textile provides a combined mechanical and biological augmentation in the target joint tissue. The bioabsorbable textile may be implanted in combination with fixation tools during open, mini-open or arthroscopic repair/augmentation procedures of joint tissue tears.