A network operator can partition network elements, including elements of an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) or Policy and Charging Rules Functions (PCRFs) into groups reserved for specific types of subscribers. When a user equipment (UE) registers with an IMS, elements of the IMS can contact a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) to determine a subscriber type associated with the UE. Based on the UE's subscriber type, an IMS element can determine an application server or other IMS element to contact about the UE based on identifying application servers or IMS elements that are also associated with the same subscriber type as the UE. Similarly, an IMS element can determine a PCRF to contact about the UE based on identifying a PCRF that is associated with the same subscriber type as the UE.

A method and device for policy determination and a storage medium are provided. The method includes that: User Equipment (UE) receives first information transmitted by a network device, here, the first information includes a first policy and the first policy includes a policy type corresponding to the first policy; the network device is a Policy Control Function (PCF), a content of the first information is divided into at least one section and is encapsulated into a container by the PCF for transmitting to a Core Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and the container is transparently transmitted to the UE by the AMF; the policy type corresponding to the first policy comprises at least one of a PC5 interface-based Vehicle to Everything (V2X) policy, or a Uu interface-based V2X policy.

Systems and methods are provided for billing of metadata in a network of moving things.

A mechanism is provided to monitor and control the number of terminals (100) or number of PDU sessions for a network slice, or both. A new network function called the Network Slice Control Function (NSCF) (85) is defined that interacts with an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) (40) and/or Session Management Function (SMF) (45) to monitor and control a number of users for a network slice, a number of PDU sessions for a network slice, or both. The NSCF (85) determines per slice quotas for the number of users and/or number of session for network slices and interacts with the AMF (40) and/or SMF (45) to enforce the quotas.

Systems and methods for providing Network Address Translation (NAT) are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operating a function entity configured to support NAT includes enabling a Control Plane (CP) function to instruct a User Plane (UP) function to apply a NAT function for at least one specific service data flow. In this way, one or more benefits result such as: introducing a mechanism allowing CP function to instruct UP function to perform NAT function for one or more service data flow(s); when CP and UP function are separated, using NAT function can protect a private network from potential unlawful incursion, and delaying NAT IP address and port allocation and withdrawal at the service initiation and termination can save the public IP address space. Also, one or more improvements such as allowing the network operator to support NAT policies in the context of 4G/5G networks supporting CUPS are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for improving the flexibility of supporting service continuity are disclosed. A method comprises receiving a PCC rule containing a traffic steering control information per AF request which includes an indication on whether service continuity for offload traffic is supported or not; and performing a PSA relocation based on the information.

Systems, methods, and devices can be utilized to provide charging function (CHF) fallback in a 5.sup.th Generation Core (5GC). An example method is performed by a fail-open function (FOF), and includes receiving, from the CHF, information corresponding to a subscriber of a network. The information is stored in a database. Further, the example method includes receiving, from the CHF or a connected function, a request corresponding to the subscriber. The connected function is a session management function (SMF) and/or a policy control function (PCF). Based on the request, the information stored in the database is at least one of accessed or modified. Based on performing at least one of accessing or modifying the information stored in the database, a response is generated and transmitted to the CHF or the connected function.

Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, and apparatus for allocating resources in a 5G network comprising Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) nodes configured for communicating via granted spectrum with customer premises equipment (CPE) supporting wireless access points (WAPs) and the like, wherein an initial small bandwidth part (BWP) is assigned to each CPE, a BWP update process provides to a policy control function a list of devices/capabilities consuming CPE bandwidth so that the PCF may calculate a new bandwidth requirement for the CPE, the new requirement being used by the CPE to generate a CPE UE capability information message for the CBSD node, the CBSD node assigning an appropriately sized BWP for the CPE.

In order to provide a communication system capable of charging control in accordance with a bearer used by a UE even when the UE performs dual connectivity, a communication system according to the present disclosure includes a communication terminal (11) configured to communicate with a communication device (12) and a communication device (13) by using a different radio bearer for each of the communication device (12) and the communication device (13), and a control device (14) configured to determine whether to cause the communication device (12) to measure the traffic of each radio bearer.

A communications method and apparatus, the method including receiving, by a policy control network element, from a first session management network element, a policy request message, sending, by the policy control network element, to the first session management network element, according to the policy request message, policy information, where the policy information comprises a data network access identifier (DNAI), and establishing, by the first session management network element, according to the DNAI, a first user plane network element for a first protocol data unit (PDU) session for a terminal device.