A scanner has a first sensor array; a second sensor array; a timing controller that individually outputs at different times a first drive signal that drives the first sensor array, and a second drive signal that the second sensor array; and a light source configured that emits and illuminates a document during periods between the first drive signal and the second drive signal output next after the first drive signal, and periods between the second drive signal and the first drive signal output next after the second drive signal.

A scanner has a first sensor array; a second sensor array; a timing controller that individually outputs at different times a first drive signal that drives the first sensor array, and a second drive signal that the second sensor array; and a light source configured that emits and illuminates a document during periods between the first drive signal and the second drive signal output next after the first drive signal, and periods between the second drive signal and the first drive signal output next after the second drive signal.

An image processing apparatus includes an image-data acquiring unit, a character recognition processing unit, and a monochrome conversion unit. The image-data acquiring unit acquires image data representing an image including a character. The character recognition processing unit performs a character recognition process on the image data to extract a character region. The character region is a region where the character is represented. The monochrome conversion unit converts the image data into monochrome image data when the image data is color image data including a color image. The monochrome image data includes a monochrome image representing the color image with a single color. When a tone difference between the extracted character region and an adjacent region is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the monochrome conversion unit changes a tone of a boundary region between the character region and the adjacent region adjacent to the character region.

An method for capturing images using a capturing apparatus including determining whether a moiré pattern exists in a preview image captured by a camera device. A capturing parameter of the camera device is adjusted when the moiré pattern exists in the preview image. The camera device is controlled to capture images when the capturing parameter has been adjusted.

An optical print head comprises a first light emitting element row, a second light emitting element row, a lens array, a first drive circuit and a second drive circuit. The first light emitting element row includes the arrangement of first light emitting elements. The second light emitting element row includes second light emitting elements arranged in parallel with the first light emitting element row. The lens array concentrates light emitted by the first light emitting elements and the second light emitting elements. The first drive circuit drives each first light emitting element with an identical first current value. The second drive circuit drives each second light emitting element with an identical second current value different from the first current value.

An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, a light source, and circuitry that receives: first image data including first pixels each indicating image density or one of turning on and off the light source; and tag data indicating an attribute of each first pixels. The circuitry sets specific data to identify a first target pixel subjected to change out of the first pixels, converts the first image data into second image data having a higher resolution than that of the first image data, and controls the light source according to the second image data to form an image. In conversion, the circuitry identifies a second target pixel corresponding to the first target pixel out of second pixels of the second image data according to the specific data and the tag data, and changes the second target pixel into a pixel to turn on the light source.

An image forming apparatus includes: a correction unit configured to correct a tone of each pixel in first image data in accordance with an image height on a photosensitive member, and output second image data; a halftone processing unit configured to determine exposed regions of pixels in an image by applying halftone processing to the second image data; and a scanning unit configured to form a latent image by scanning the photosensitive member with light that changes in scanning speed in accordance with an image height based on the exposed regions of the pixels. The scanning unit is further configured to perform partial exposure with respect to the pixels based on the exposed regions of the pixels, the partial exposure exposing partial regions of the pixels to light unlike entire exposure that exposes entire regions of the pixels to light.

In an image-reading device, a counting unit counts a number of clock cycles of a spread-spectrum clock as a counter value. A correcting unit corrects one of the counter value and a reference clock cycle number based on a phase detected by the phase detecting unit when the counting unit counts. A comparing unit compares the counter value and the reference clock cycle number and determines whether the counter value and the reference clock cycle number satisfy a prescribed relationship. A time length setting unit sets a length of at least one of a reading time and an irradiation time based on: a timing when the counting unit starts counting to set the time length; and a timing when the comparing unit determines that the compared values satisfy the prescribed relationship, such that the time length set by the time length setting unit remains constant.

Methods for selecting a binding-element are provided. The method comprised of different steps. A first mixture is formed using at least one target molecule and a plurality of oligomers, followed by incubating the first mixture to form a second mixture comprising at least one target-bound oligomer and at least one target-unbound oligomer. Then a first accelerator is added to cleave the target-unbound oligomer and the target-bound oligomer is separated from the target molecule. This is followed by addition of a second accelerator for ligation, and a third accelerator for amplification followed by sequencing and post sequence analysis to select the binding-element.

Methods for selecting a binding-element are provided. The method comprised of different steps. A first mixture is formed using at least one target molecule and a plurality of oligomers, followed by incubating the first mixture to form a second mixture comprising at least one target-bound oligomer and at least one target-unbound oligomer. Then a first accelerator is added to cleave the target-unbound oligomer and the target-bound oligomer is separated from the target molecule. This is followed by addition of a second accelerator for ligation, and a third accelerator for amplification followed by sequencing and post sequence analysis to select the binding-element.