The present invention is directed to obtaining an object having an anisotropic reflection characteristic without using a lenticular lens. A print product including a print medium on which a repetitive structure of projected portions and recessed portions is formed out of image forming materials including a color material includes a first layer formed on surfaces of the projected portions out of a first color material among the image forming materials, and a second layer formed on the recessed portions out of a second color material different from the first color material, wherein the projected portions have a height to occlude part of the second layer when observed at an angle different from an angle formed by a normal to a surface of the print medium.

An information processing apparatus includes a processor configured to acquire, from a read image, a predetermined item, and a value corresponding to the item, the read image being obtained by reading a document and being subjected, prior to acquisition of the item and the value, to preprocessing and character recognition. Further, the processor is configured to, in response to not successfully acquiring at least one of the item and the value, change a setting on the preprocessing or a setting on the character recognition in accordance with the acquisition or non-acquisition state of the item and the value, and then perform the preprocessing or the character recognition. In response to not successfully acquiring at least one of the item and the value, the processor is further configured to identify where the item and the value are located.

A diagnostic system may comprise an image forming apparatus that forms a diagnostic image on a sheet and an image capturing apparatus that captures an image of the sheet on which the diagnostic image is formed and which has been discharged from the image forming apparatus, and outputs the image captured as a sheet image. The image capturing apparatus may make a diagnosis for a component of the image forming apparatus based on a position of an image deficiency in the sheet image, and output a diagnosis result for the component of the image forming apparatus.

Disclosed are a quantum color image encrypting method based on modification direction and corresponding circuit, respectively providing quantum modular circuits design for a parallel adder, a parallel subtractor, a comparator, a cyclic shift add 1, and a cyclic shift subtract 1; and based on these modular circuits, circuit for implementing quantum color image steganography is provided. From the complexity analysis of implementing quantum circuit for color image steganography, it is seen that for a two-dimensional quantum color image with 2.sup.2n pixels and the R, G, and B channels of which are respectively represented by q number of quantum bits, the steganography algorithm is an efficient transformation method, and the circuit complexity is O(q.sup.2+n), which can hardly be achieved by classical geometric transformation. The disclosure is applicable for many practical image processing applications, e.g., transmitting secrete data via a public image; they all need an effective and secure steganography algorithm; besides, the present disclosure is significant in perfection and applications of image processing theories.

Disclosed are a quantum color image encrypting method based on modification direction and corresponding circuit, respectively providing quantum modular circuits design for a parallel adder, a parallel subtractor, a comparator, a cyclic shift add 1, and a cyclic shift subtract 1; and based on these modular circuits, circuit for implementing quantum color image steganography is provided. From the complexity analysis of implementing quantum circuit for color image steganography, it is seen that for a two-dimensional quantum color image with 2.sup.2n pixels and the R, G, and B channels of which are respectively represented by q number of quantum bits, the steganography algorithm is an efficient transformation method, and the circuit complexity is O(q.sup.2+n), which can hardly be achieved by classical geometric transformation. The disclosure is applicable for many practical image processing applications, e.g., transmitting secrete data via a public image; they all need an effective and secure steganography algorithm; besides, the present disclosure is significant in perfection and applications of image processing theories.

An image processing apparatus according an aspect of the present disclosure converts image signals indicating an image to output signals including signals corresponding to individual color components that an output device deals with by interpolation processing using a look-up table. The apparatus includes a first conversion unit and at least one second conversion unit. The first conversion unit converts the image signals to image signals corresponding to linearity of the signals corresponding to the individual color components. The at least one second conversion unit converts the image signals converted by the first conversion unit to the output signals by the interpolation processing.

An image processing apparatus according an aspect of the present disclosure converts image signals indicating an image to output signals including signals corresponding to individual color components that an output device deals with by interpolation processing using a look-up table. The apparatus includes a first conversion unit and at least one second conversion unit. The first conversion unit converts the image signals to image signals corresponding to linearity of the signals corresponding to the individual color components. The at least one second conversion unit converts the image signals converted by the first conversion unit to the output signals by the interpolation processing.

A first processing module receives image data transferred from a controller, and executes image processing and a second processing module receives the image data transferred from the controller via the first processing module and executes image processing on the image data. The controller determines color components, of the plurality of color components of the image data, to be processed by the first processing module and the second processing module, based on at least communication amounts produced between the first processing module and the second processing module. Processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the first processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller, and processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the second processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller via the first processing module.

A print system with a ratio-based adaptive switching technique includes a printing unit to print an image on a recording medium in a color mode or a monochrome mode. A number (cM) of monochrome pages printed in the color mode and a total number (pN) of printed pages are monitored. A ratio cM/pN that is indicative of excess cartridge wear of the print system is determined. Print-job performance and cartridge wear of the print system are optimized based on the determined ratio using a first and second threshold.

A method for three dimensional (3D) printing and a 3D printing device are provided. The 3D printing device includes a modeling printing head, a coloring printing head, and a platform. The modeling printing head and the coloring printing head are co-constructed. The three dimensional printing method includes: printing a forming layer and at least one material barrier outside a bounding area of the forming layer; calculating multiple coloring routes of the coloring printing head according to an edge of the forming layer; converting the coloring routes of the coloring printing head into multiple color-passing routes of the modeling printing head; calculating multiple detour routes of the modeling printing head according to the color-passing routes of the modeling printing head. Each of the detour routes is not the shortest route between a corresponding color-passing route and the next color-passing route, and one of the each of the detour routes and the corresponding color-passing route passes at least one location of the at least one material barrier.