A system including a light source that, in operation, projects dots onto a target, the dots being formed by first light; a first photodetector that, in operation, detects second light resulting from the projection of the dots onto the target; and a circuit that in operation, performs an individual authentication, wherein the individual authentication includes at least the following step (i) and step (ii): step (i) determining whether the target is a living body or not based on the second light, and step (ii) performing a biometric authentication of the target.

A photographing apparatus includes a movable-member driver configured to move a movable member in a direction that is different from an optical axis of a photographing optical system, wherein the movable member includes at least one of an optical element, constituting at least one part of the photographing optical system, and an image sensor; a movable-member drive controller configured to drive the movable member to move in a circular path of a predetermined diameter via the movable-member driver; and a processor configured to select a drive diameter D of the circular path by which the drive controller drives the movable member within a range of the following condition (1):
d*/(2*2.sup.1/2)Dd*/2(1),
wherein d designates a pixel interval of the image sensor.

A solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions each provided to correspond to each of a plurality of pixels in a semiconductor substrate and receiving incident light through a light sensing surface, and a pixel separation portion that is embedded into a trench provided on a side portion of the photoelectric conversion portion and electrically separates the plurality of pixels in a side of an incident surface of the semiconductor substrate into which the incident light enters. The pixel separation portion is formed by an insulation material which absorbs the incident light entering the light sensing surface.

Disclosed are an image processing device, an imaging device, an image processing method, and an image processing program capable of, when recovering a deteriorated image due to a point spread function of an optical system, suppressing the occurrence of artifact and color gradation and achieving reduction in computational costs. The image processing device includes a frequency recovery processing unit which subjects image data acquired from an imaging element by capturing an object image using an optical system to frequency recovery processing using a frequency recovery filter based on a point spread function of the optical system, a gradation correction processing unit which subjects image data subjected to the frequency recovery processing to nonlinear gradation correction, and a phase recovery processing unit which subjects image data subjected to the gradation correction to phase recovery processing using a phase recovery filter based on the point spread function of the optical system.

A device including at least one processor that, in operation, causes a light source to project pattern onto a target, the pattern being formed by first light, causes a photodetector to detect second light resulting from the projection of the pattern onto the target, determines whether the target is a human skin or not based on the second light, performs a biometric authentication of the target, and performs an individual authentication based on the determination whether the target is a human skin and result of the biometric authentication.

A device including at least one processor that, in operation, causes a light source to project pattern onto a target, the pattern being formed by first light, causes a photodetector to detect second light resulting from the projection of the pattern onto the target, determines whether the target is a human skin or not based on the second light, performs a biometric authentication of the target, and performs an individual authentication based on the determination whether the target is a human skin and result of the biometric authentication.

A microscope for computational imaging may include an illumination source configured to illuminate a sample with a plurality of wavelengths, an image sensor, an objective lens to image the sample onto the image sensor, and a processor operatively coupled to the illumination assembly and the image sensor. The processor may be configured to acquire a first image dataset from the sample illuminated using a first set of illumination conditions at a first wavelength. The processor may also be configured to acquire a second image dataset from the sample illuminated using a second set of illumination conditions having a second number of illumination conditions at a second wavelength. The second set of illumination conditions comprises fewer illumination conditions than the first set in order to decrease acquisition time. The processor may be configured to combine the first and second image datasets into a computationally reconstructed image of the sample.

A microscope for computational imaging may include an illumination source configured to illuminate a sample with a plurality of wavelengths, an image sensor, an objective lens to image the sample onto the image sensor, and a processor operatively coupled to the illumination assembly and the image sensor. The processor may be configured to acquire a first image dataset from the sample illuminated using a first set of illumination conditions at a first wavelength. The processor may also be configured to acquire a second image dataset from the sample illuminated using a second set of illumination conditions having a second number of illumination conditions at a second wavelength. The second set of illumination conditions comprises fewer illumination conditions than the first set in order to decrease acquisition time. The processor may be configured to combine the first and second image datasets into a computationally reconstructed image of the sample.

A microscope for computational imaging may include an illumination source configured to illuminate a sample with a plurality of wavelengths, an image sensor, an objective lens to image the sample onto the image sensor, and a processor operatively coupled to the illumination assembly and the image sensor. The processor may be configured to acquire a first image dataset from the sample illuminated using a first set of illumination conditions at a first wavelength. The processor may also be configured to acquire a second image dataset from the sample illuminated using a second set of illumination conditions having a second number of illumination conditions at a second wavelength. The second set of illumination conditions comprises fewer illumination conditions than the first set in order to decrease acquisition time. The processor may be configured to combine the first and second image datasets into a computationally reconstructed image of the sample.

A microscope for computational imaging may include an illumination source configured to illuminate a sample with a plurality of wavelengths, an image sensor, an objective lens to image the sample onto the image sensor, and a processor operatively coupled to the illumination assembly and the image sensor. The processor may be configured to acquire a first image dataset from the sample illuminated using a first set of illumination conditions at a first wavelength. The processor may also be configured to acquire a second image dataset from the sample illuminated using a second set of illumination conditions having a second number of illumination conditions at a second wavelength. The second set of illumination conditions comprises fewer illumination conditions than the first set in order to decrease acquisition time. The processor may be configured to combine the first and second image datasets into a computationally reconstructed image of the sample.