A video coder determines a first block of the video data is intra mode coded; based on a first height and the first width of the first block, identifies a group of N available intra prediction modes for the first block of video data; selects from the group of N available intra prediction modes, a first intra prediction mode used to code the first block of the video data; and codes the first block using the first intra prediction mode. A video coder generates a first most probable mode (MPM) candidate list for the block; codes a first flag indicating an actual intra prediction mode used to code the block is not included in the first MPM candidate list; generates a second MPM candidate list by deriving at least one candidate intra prediction mode based on an intra prediction mode in the first MPM candidate list.

To provide a novel device, a device with low power consumption, or a versatile device, the device includes a decoder, a driver circuit, and a display portion. The driver circuit includes a plurality of circuits. The display portion includes a plurality of display panels. The decoder has a function of generating a signal corresponding to an image displayed on the display portion. The decoder has a function of determining the necessity of rewriting an image of each of the display panels by detecting a change in the image of each of the display panels. The circuit has a function of outputting a signal to a display panel for which that image rewriting is determined to be necessary. The circuit has a function of stopping output of a signal to a display panel for which image rewriting is determined to be unnecessary.

To provide a novel device, a device with low power consumption, or a versatile device, the device includes a decoder, a driver circuit, and a display portion. The driver circuit includes a plurality of circuits. The display portion includes a plurality of display panels. The decoder has a function of generating a signal corresponding to an image displayed on the display portion. The decoder has a function of determining the necessity of rewriting an image of each of the display panels by detecting a change in the image of each of the display panels. The circuit has a function of outputting a signal to a display panel for which that image rewriting is determined to be necessary. The circuit has a function of stopping output of a signal to a display panel for which image rewriting is determined to be unnecessary.

The present invention relates to a device and method for transmitting and receiving a broadcasting signal including a subtitle service. An embodiment of the present invention provides a broadcasting signal transmission method comprising the steps of: generating a broadcasting signal including video data and subtitle data; and transmitting the generated broadcasting signal. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a transmission stream providing a digital broadcasting subtitle service using XML subtitles can be transmitted.

An image encoding method is used for encoding a current picture on a block-by-block basis and includes: generating a reference picture list by (i) assigning a reference picture index to a reference picture referable for encoding the current picture and (ii) including the reference picture assigned the reference picture index into the reference picture list; and encoding a current block included in the current picture with reference to a reference picture that is specified, from the reference picture list, for encoding the current block, wherein, when a reference picture belonging to a reference view different from a current view to which the current picture belongs has a chance of being referenced for encoding the current picture, the reference picture belonging to the reference view is added to the reference picture list in the generating.

An image encoding method is used for encoding a current picture on a block-by-block basis and includes: generating a reference picture list by (i) assigning a reference picture index to a reference picture referable for encoding the current picture and (ii) including the reference picture assigned the reference picture index into the reference picture list; and encoding a current block included in the current picture with reference to a reference picture that is specified, from the reference picture list, for encoding the current block, wherein, when a reference picture belonging to a reference view different from a current view to which the current picture belongs has a chance of being referenced for encoding the current picture, the reference picture belonging to the reference view is added to the reference picture list in the generating.

Systems and methods are disclosed for image signal processing. For example, methods may include receiving, by an image signal processor, one or more input image signals from one or more image sensors; determining a mapping based on the input image signal(s), wherein the mapping includes records that associate image portions of an output image with corresponding image portions of the input image signal(s); sorting the records of the mapping according to an order of the corresponding image portions of the input image signal(s); applying, by the image signal processor, image processing to image portions of the input image signal(s) to determine image portions of one or more processed images in the order; and determining, by the image signal processor, the image portions of the output image based at least in part on the mapping and the corresponding image portions of the processed image(s) in the order.

An arithmetic decoding method is a method in which a context variable specifying a probability of a possible value of each of elements included in a binary string corresponding to a value of a given variable is initialized and arithmetic decoding is performed, using the context variable. The method includes: determining, from among a plurality of initialization methods as a method of initializing the context variable, an initialization method corresponding to the given variable or a group which includes the given variable; and initializing the context variable using the determined initialization method.

An arithmetic decoding method is a method in which a context variable specifying a probability of a possible value of each of elements included in a binary string corresponding to a value of a given variable is initialized and arithmetic decoding is performed, using the context variable. The method includes: determining, from among a plurality of initialization methods as a method of initializing the context variable, an initialization method corresponding to the given variable or a group which includes the given variable; and initializing the context variable using the determined initialization method.

The present disclosure describes a system and method for multi-layered image and video delivery using reference processing signal. A multi-layered encoder and a multi-layered decoder, both comprising at least one enhancement layer processor that uses reference processing and a base layer processor are provided. A multi-layered encoder and a multi-layered decoder that use reference processing and are capable of frame-compatible 3D video delivery are also described.