There is disclosed herein examples of systems and methods for compressing a signal. Samples of the signal can be segmented and the samples within each of the segments can be averaged to produce a value that can represent the samples within the segment. The number of samples to average in each segment may be determined based on an error threshold, such that the number of samples being averaged can be maximized to produce less data to be transmitted while maintaining the representation of the samples within the error threshold. In some embodiments, a signal can be separated into a timing reference, a representative periodic function, and a highly compressible error signal. The error signal can be utilized for reproducing a representation of the signal.

There is disclosed herein examples of systems and methods for compressing a signal. Samples of the signal can be segmented and the samples within each of the segments can be averaged to produce a value that can represent the samples within the segment. The number of samples to average in each segment may be determined based on an error threshold, such that the number of samples being averaged can be maximized to produce less data to be transmitted while maintaining the representation of the samples within the error threshold. In some embodiments, a signal can be separated into a timing reference, a representative periodic function, and a highly compressible error signal. The error signal can be utilized for reproducing a representation of the signal.

An interleaved multi-layered video data stream with interleaved decoding units of different layers is provided with further timing control information in addition to the timing control information reflecting the interleaved decoding unit arrangement. The additional timing control information pertains to either a fallback position according to which all decoding units of an access unit are treated at the decoded buffer access unit-wise, or a fallback position according to which an intermediate procedure is used: the interleaving of the DUs of different layers is reversed according to the additionally sent timing control information, thereby enabling a DU-wise treatment at the decoder's buffer, however, with no interleaving of decoding units relating to different layers. Both fallback positions may be present concurrently. Various advantageous embodiments and alternatives are the subject of the various claims attached herewith.

An interleaved multi-layered video data stream with interleaved decoding units of different layers is provided with further timing control information in addition to the timing control information reflecting the interleaved decoding unit arrangement. The additional timing control information pertains to either a fallback position according to which all decoding units of an access unit are treated at the decoded buffer access unit-wise, or a fallback position according to which an intermediate procedure is used: the interleaving of the DUs of different layers is reversed according to the additionally sent timing control information, thereby enabling a DU-wise treatment at the decoder's buffer, however, with no interleaving of decoding units relating to different layers. Both fallback positions may be present concurrently. Various advantageous embodiments and alternatives are the subject of the various claims attached herewith.

A video decoding method includes: obtaining target type information of a target video upon receiving a play instruction of the target video, the target type information indicating a type of the target video; obtaining specified type information of a plurality of decoders configured in a terminal, the specified type information of the decoders indicating types of videos of which decoding is supported by the decoders; and determining, from the plurality of decoders by comparing the specified type information of the plurality of decoders with the target type information, a target decoder that supports decoding of the target video. The target video is decoded by using the target decoder to play a decoded video.

A method is provided that includes receiving pictures of a video sequence in a video encoder, and encoding the pictures to generate a compressed video bit stream that is transmitted to a video decoder in real-time, wherein encoding the pictures includes selecting a picture to be encoded as a delayed duplicate intra-predicted picture (DDI), wherein the picture would otherwise be encoded as an inter-predicted picture (P-picture), encoding the picture as an intra-predicted picture (I-picture) to generate the DDI, wherein the I-picture is reconstructed and stored for use as a reference picture for a decoder refresh picture, transmitting the DDI to the video decoder in non-real time, selecting a subsequent picture to be encoded as the decoder refresh picture, and encoding the subsequent picture in the compressed bit stream as the decoder refresh picture, wherein the subsequent P-picture is encoded as a P-picture predicted using the reference picture.

A method is provided that includes receiving pictures of a video sequence in a video encoder, and encoding the pictures to generate a compressed video bit stream that is transmitted to a video decoder in real-time, wherein encoding the pictures includes selecting a picture to be encoded as a delayed duplicate intra-predicted picture (DDI), wherein the picture would otherwise be encoded as an inter-predicted picture (P-picture), encoding the picture as an intra-predicted picture (I-picture) to generate the DDI, wherein the I-picture is reconstructed and stored for use as a reference picture for a decoder refresh picture, transmitting the DDI to the video decoder in non-real time, selecting a subsequent picture to be encoded as the decoder refresh picture, and encoding the subsequent picture in the compressed bit stream as the decoder refresh picture, wherein the subsequent P-picture is encoded as a P-picture predicted using the reference picture.

A method and apparatus for adaptively processing video samples in a video signal frame, the video samples being arranged in a Largest Coding Unit. The method comprises extracting a plurality of video samples from the Largest Coding Unit, calculating a correction offset for a first video sample of the extracted plurality of video samples upon the basis of a first value of the first video sample and a second value of a second video sample of the extracted plurality of video samples, and weighting the first video sample with the correction offset.

A method and apparatus for adaptively processing video samples in a video signal frame, the video samples being arranged in a Largest Coding Unit. The method comprises extracting a plurality of video samples from the Largest Coding Unit, calculating a correction offset for a first video sample of the extracted plurality of video samples upon the basis of a first value of the first video sample and a second value of a second video sample of the extracted plurality of video samples, and weighting the first video sample with the correction offset.

A method of decoding an encoded video bitstream using at least one processor includes obtaining a coded video sequence from the encoded video bitstream; obtaining a first syntax element indicating a number of a plurality of layers included in the coded video sequence; obtaining a second syntax element indicating whether the plurality of layers included in the coded video sequence are all independent layers; based on the first syntax element indicating that the number of the plurality of layers is greater than one, and the second syntax element indicating that the plurality of layers are not all the independent layers, obtaining a third syntax element indicating an output mode; determining the output mode based on the third syntax element; determining one or more output layers from among the plurality of layers based on the determined output mode; and outputting the one or more output layers.