An image coding method for coding an image on a block-by-block basis, includes: selecting, for each of a plurality of sub-blocks included in a coding-target block and each including a plurality of coefficients, a context for performing arithmetic coding on a parameter indicating a coding-target coefficient included in the sub-block from a context set corresponding to the sub-block, based on at least one reference coefficient located around the coding-target coefficient, the coding-target block being a transform unit; and performing arithmetic coding on the parameter indicating the coding-target coefficient using probability information about the selected context, wherein, in the selecting, the context is selected from the context set, the context set corresponding to a sum of (i) a value indicating a position in a horizontal direction of the sub-block in the coding-target block and (ii) a value indicating a position in a vertical direction of the sub-block in the coding-target block.

A method, and the associated design, schema and techniques for processing digital data, whether random or not, through encoding and decoding losslessly and correctly for purposes of encryption/decryption or compression/decompression or both, including the use of Digital Lensing, Unlimited Code System, and other associated techniques. There is no assumption of or requirement for the digital information to be processed before processing.

A method, computer program, and computer system for video coding is provided. Video data including one or more quantized coefficients is received. One or more index values associated with the quantized coefficients are mapped to one or more step values based on an exponential mapping. The video data is decoded based on the one or more step values.

A method for encoding an image descriptor (H) based on gradient histograms (h.sub.p) into a transformed descriptor (V) having transformed subdescriptors (v.sub.p), wherein each gradient histogram (h.sub.p) includes a plurality of histogram bins (h.sub.i) and each subdescriptor (v.sub.p) includes a set of values (v.sub.j), wherein the subdescriptors (v.sub.p) are generated according to an element utilization order list specifying a subdescriptor index (p) of the set of sub descriptors (v.sub.p) and an element index (j) of the set of values (v.sub.j).

A method for encoding an image descriptor (H) based on gradient histograms (h.sub.p) into a transformed descriptor (V) having transformed subdescriptors (v.sub.p), wherein each gradient histogram (h.sub.p) includes a plurality of histogram bins (h.sub.i) and each subdescriptor (v.sub.p) includes a set of values (v.sub.j), wherein the subdescriptors (v.sub.p) are generated according to an element utilization order list specifying a subdescriptor index (p) of the set of sub descriptors (v.sub.p) and an element index (j) of the set of values (v.sub.j).

A video encoder signals whether WPP is used to encode a picture of a sequence of video picture. If WPP is used to encode the picture, the video encoder generates a coded slice NAL unit that includes a plurality of sub-streams, each of which includes a consecutive series of bits that represents one encoded row of coding tree blocks (CTBs) in a slice of the picture. A video decoder receives a bitstream that includes the coded slice NAL unit. Furthermore, the video decoder may determine, based on a syntax element in the bitstream, that the slice is encoded using WPP and may decode the slice using WPP.

A video encoder signals whether WPP is used to encode a picture of a sequence of video picture. If WPP is used to encode the picture, the video encoder generates a coded slice NAL unit that includes a plurality of sub-streams, each of which includes a consecutive series of bits that represents one encoded row of coding tree blocks (CTBs) in a slice of the picture. A video decoder receives a bitstream that includes the coded slice NAL unit. Furthermore, the video decoder may determine, based on a syntax element in the bitstream, that the slice is encoded using WPP and may decode the slice using WPP.

Technology for constructing a symbol template for use by a 1D barcode decoder. One method includes obtaining a first symbol pattern representing a first symbol, the first symbol pattern comprising a plurality of elements, with each element corresponding to a 1D barcode space or bar, in which the first symbol represents one unique 1D bar (b) and space (s) pattern corresponding to a symbol or digit: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9; obtaining prefix elements, the prefix elements comprising a subset of second symbol elements from a second symbol pattern which precedes the first symbol from within a scanline of image data, the subset being less than a total number of elements within the second symbol elements; extending the first symbol pattern with the prefix elements to yield an overlapping symbol template for use in correlation-based barcode decoding. Other technology provided as well.

Technology for constructing a symbol template for use by a 1D barcode decoder. One method includes obtaining a first symbol pattern representing a first symbol, the first symbol pattern comprising a plurality of elements, with each element corresponding to a 1D barcode space or bar, in which the first symbol represents one unique 1D bar (b) and space (s) pattern corresponding to a symbol or digit: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9; obtaining prefix elements, the prefix elements comprising a subset of second symbol elements from a second symbol pattern which precedes the first symbol from within a scanline of image data, the subset being less than a total number of elements within the second symbol elements; extending the first symbol pattern with the prefix elements to yield an overlapping symbol template for use in correlation-based barcode decoding. Other technology provided as well.

Methods and systems are provided for image processing. A plurality of correlation parameters representing degrees of correlation between two or more images of a plurality of images may be determined. An optimized correlation dependency graph may be generated according to the plurality of correlation parameters. The plurality of images may then be delta encoded according to the optimized correlation dependency graph. For example, the optimized correlation dependency graph may be used for performing a predetermined correlation encoding operation. The plurality of correlation parameters may be determined, for example, in accordance with one or more predetermined correlation metrics associated with the predetermined correlation encoding operation.