A method, apparatus and system for routing a communication in a communication system between a first participant device, on an Internet Protocol (IP) network, associated with a first participant, and a second participant device associated with a second participant. The method comprises receiving a second participant identifier associated with the second participant device, causing the at least one processor to access a user profile that is specific to the first participant and associated with a plurality of first participant attributes, comparing the second participant and at least one first participant attribute and identifying whether at least one route exists, producing route information to an Internet Protocol (IP) address on a first communication network or associated with a gateway to the second communication network, and establishing the communication to the second participant. At least one of the networks may utilize Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) compatible numbers for identifying a route for the communication.

A method, apparatus and system for routing a communication in a communication system between a first participant device, on an Internet Protocol (IP) network, associated with a first participant, and a second participant device associated with a second participant. The method comprises receiving a second participant identifier associated with the second participant device, causing the at least one processor to access a user profile that is specific to the first participant and associated with a plurality of first participant attributes, comparing the second participant and at least one first participant attribute and identifying whether at least one route exists, producing route information to an Internet Protocol (IP) address on a first communication network or associated with a gateway to the second communication network, and establishing the communication to the second participant. At least one of the networks may utilize Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) compatible numbers for identifying a route for the communication.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for call classification and for training a model for call classification, an example method comprising: receiving DTMF information from a plurality of calls; determining, for each of the calls, a feature vector including statistics based on DTMF information such as DTMF residual signal comprising channel noise and additive noise; training a model for classification; comparing a new call feature vector to the model; predicting a device type and geographic location based on the comparison of the new call feature vector to the model; classifying the call as spoofed or genuine; and authenticating a call or altering an IVR call flow.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for call classification and for training a model for call classification, an example method comprising: receiving DTMF information from a plurality of calls; determining, for each of the calls, a feature vector including statistics based on DTMF information such as DTMF residual signal comprising channel noise and additive noise; training a model for classification; comparing a new call feature vector to the model; predicting a device type and geographic location based on the comparison of the new call feature vector to the model; classifying the call as spoofed or genuine; and authenticating a call or altering an IVR call flow.