Input/output (I/O) operation requests from pageable storage mode guests are interpreted without host intervention. In a pageable mode virtual environment, requests issued by pageable storage mode guests are processed by one or more processors of the environment absent intervention from one or more hosts of the environment. Processing of the requests includes manipulating, by at least one processor on behalf of the guests, buffer state information stored in host storage. The manipulating is performed via instructions initiated by the guests and processed by one or more of the processors.

A network topology system comprises a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes having a set of connection rules which is built by the steps of: generating a series of prime number differences; generating a series of communication strategy numbers; extracting as many terms as the number of connecting nodes from a recursive sequences to serve as an index series; generating a series of connection strategy numbers by extracting the Nth terms from the series of communication strategy numbers, wherein N stands for each number of the index series; and generating a series of connecting nodes numbers by calculating the sum of each odd number and each term of the series of connection strategy numbers so as to build the connection rules for each odd-numbered node to connect the nodes numbered in corresponding with the numbers of the connecting nodes number series.

Techniques including controlling coupling and uncoupling of RF ports included in an RF switch matrix including first-side RF ports and second-side RF ports, where each of the first-side RF ports is configured to be selectively coupled to at least one of two or more of the second-side RF ports, identifying one or more of the second-side RF ports as active ports including an active port, causing the RF switch matrix to couple the active port to a signal port included in the first-side RF ports, obtaining at least one of a bit error rate and a signal to noise ratio for a demodulation of an RF stream received via the active port, and causing, in response to at least one of the bit error rate or the signal to noise ratio, the RF switch matrix to couple the signal port to a spare port included in the second-side RF ports.

Embodiments including methods, systems, and apparatuses for distributing, processing, and reacting to path information distributed via a service-agnostic packet fabric for the purpose of enabling path selection are disclosed. By configuring two ingress line cards to send path quality words to each other via the switch fabric, compare the path quality words, and determine whether to transmit traffic to an egress line card via the switch fabric based on the comparison of the path quality words, the embodiments enable a central switch fabric to be unaware of the paths that it carries, and enable both ingress and egress bandwidth of the switch fabric to be sized according to the facilities for which it is terminating. The switch fabric does not need to support working and protection paths simultaneously in some embodiments, allowing it to be scaled appropriately to termination facilities.

A method of operating an RF system, the method including controlling coupling and uncoupling of RF ports included in an M by N radio frequency (RF) switch matrix including N first-side RF ports and M second-side RF ports, wherein each of the first-side RF ports may be selectively coupled to at least one of two or more of the second-side RF ports, such that RF signals are carried between selectively coupled ports; identifying one or more of the second-side RF ports as active ports, the active ports including a first active port; causing the RF switch matrix to couple the first active port to a first signal port included in the first-side RF ports; obtaining a first indication of reduced performance for a first piece of RF communication equipment coupled to the first active port; and causing, in response to the first indication, the RF switch matrix to couple the first signal port to a first spare port, wherein the first spare port is included in the second-side RF ports and is not included in the active ports.

An electrical cross-point switch N inputs, each at least 10 Gbps, connected to input transmission lines; M outputs, each at least 10 Gbps, connected to output transmission lines; at least two Radio Frequency (RF) Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches selectively interconnecting each input transmission line and each output transmission line; and control and addressing circuitry configured to selectively control interconnection of each input transmission line and each output transmission line via the at least two RF MEMS switches. The at least two RF MEMS switches can be embedded in each input transmission line and each output transmission line. The input transmission lines and the output transmission lines can each be partially shielded microwave transmission lines.

A Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based NM cross-point switch, a MEMS-based system, and a method provide MEMS-based cross-point electrical switching for a Layer 0 flow-based switch. The NM cross-point switch includes N inputs each at least 10 Gbps, M output each at least 10 Gbps, a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) MEMS switches selectively interconnecting the N inputs to the M outputs; and control and addressing circuitry to selectively control the plurality of RF MEMS switches to switch each of the N inputs to a corresponding output of the M outputs. The systems and methods provide an electrical switching fabric for flow-based switching of wavelengths that can be part of a Reconfigurable Electrical Add/Drop Multiplexer (READM) with similar functionality as a ROADM in the electronic domain.

A method of operating an RF system, the method including controlling coupling and uncoupling of RF ports included in an M by N radio frequency (RF) switch matrix including N first-side RF ports and M second-side RF ports, wherein each of the first-side RF ports may be selectively coupled to at least one of two or more of the second-side RF ports, such that RF signals are carried between selectively coupled ports; identifying one or more of the second-side RF ports as active ports, the active ports including a first active port; causing the RF switch matrix to couple the first active port to a first signal port included in the first-side RF ports; obtaining a first indication of reduced performance for a first piece of RF communication equipment coupled to the first active port; and causing, in response to the first indication, the RF switch matrix to couple the first signal port to a first spare port, wherein the first spare port is included in the second-side RF ports and is not included in the active ports.