A method for operating a dialysis machine to conduct a dialysis treatment on a patient (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis machine) may include transferring dialysate from a first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the first bag has completely transferred. After determining the dialysate has completely transferred from the first bag, switching from the first bag to a second bag of dialysate. The method may further include transferring dialysate from the second bag in response to the detection of the completed transfer of the first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the second bag has completely transferred. The method may further include determining if the respective first or second bag has completely transferred by comparing a dialysate bag volume transferred to the patient to a detected volume of the respective first or second bag. Systems with dialysis machines for performing such a method are disclosed as well.

Dialysis machines and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) may include delivering dialysate to a patient and detecting a temperature of a volume of the dialysate, an air content of the dialysate volume, or another condition, or combinations thereof, wherein the detected temperature of the dialysate volume is compared to a predetermined maximum temperature, the detected air content of the dialysate volume is compared to a predetermined maximum air content and the detected other condition generates a signal. The volume of dialysate may be diverted in response to the detected temperature exceeding the predetermined maximum temperature, the air content exceeding the predetermined maximum air content, or the other condition generated signal, or combinations thereof.

Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to predicting infection of a patient. These systems and methods may comprise illuminating a patient fluid in a fluid conduit from a plurality of illumination directions, measuring an optical characteristic of the illuminated patient fluid using one or more sensors, and predicting an infection state of the patient based at least in part on the measured optical characteristic.

A dialysis machine (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis (PD) machine) can include a patient line that provides dialysate solution to a patient and removes effluent dialysate from the patient through a catheter. During a drain phase of a PD treatment, an occlusion can occur at different locations in the patient line and/or catheter. A pressure sensor can detect a change in pressure of the fluid at the proximal end of the patient line to infer a potential occlusion in the patient line. Prior to setting an alarm to alert the patient of the blockage in the patient line, operating parameters of the PD machine can be changed to attempt to correct the issue. In an embodiment, the pump mechanism can be cycled at a reduced speed or a reduced rate in order to confirm the occlusion or attempt to alleviate the low fluid flow condition before the alarm is set.

A device for measuring conductivity of a fluid. The device including a chamber and at least two electrodes. The chamber includes an inlet, an outlet, an upper surface, and a lower surface that runs separate from the upper surface. The fluid enters the chamber through the inlet and flows out of the chamber through the outlet. Moving along a length of the chamber from the inlet to the outlet or from the outlet to the inlet, a distance between the upper surface and the lower surface changes in at least one dimension of the chamber. The two electrodes are configured to measure electrical voltage in the fluid that enters the chamber through the inlet and flows out of the chamber through the outlet.

A method of operating a disposable pumping unit includes enabling the disposable pumping unit to be loaded into a peritoneal dialysis hardware unit between a door and a housing of the hardware unit; structuring the disposable pumping unit to have a fluid pump receptacle, the fluid pump receptacle constructed and arranged to extend from both surfaces of the unit so as to fit within a first opening provided in the door and a second opening provided in the housing of the hardware unit; and enabling the disposable pumping unit to be guided into the hardware unit such that the fluid pump receptacle becomes aligned with the opposing first and second openings when the door is closed against the housing.

The specification discloses a portable dialysis machine having a detachable controller unit and base unit. The controller unit includes a door having an interior face, a housing with a panel, where the housing and panel define a recessed region configured to receive the interior face of the door, and a manifold receiver fixedly attached to the panel. The manifold includes diaphragms adapted to minimize the dead space between the dialysis machine pins and improve responsivity. The base unit has a planar surface for receiving a container of fluid, a scale integrated with the planar surface and a heater in thermal communication with the container. Embodiments of the disclosed portable dialysis system have improved structural and functional features, including improved modularity, ease of use, and safety features.

A blood treatment machine includes a patient comfort feedback mechanism configured to be adjusted by a patient to indicate comfort levels of the patient. The machine is configured to adjust one or more treatment parameters based on the patient feedback.

Constraining adaptive optimizations of a state of an operation module of a medical device includes determining if a new state has at least one operational parameter that is outside a constraint that has been provided to the medical device in a non-repudiable manner, accepting the new state if no operational parameters are outside any of the constraints, and reverting the medical device to a previous valid state if at least one operational parameter is outside at least one of the constraints. The adaptive optimizations may be provided using artificial intelligence along with relevant inputs thereto. The medical device may be a dialysis system. Constraint data may be provided to the medical device along with a one-way hash value of the constraint data using, for example, a SHA 256 hash. The one-way hash value may be digitally signed using a private key that is part of a public/private key pair.

A method for operating a dialysis machine to conduct a dialysis treatment on a patient (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis machine) may include transferring dialysate from a first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the first bag has completely transferred. After determining the dialysate has completely transferred from the first bag, switching from the first bag to a second bag of dialysate. The method may further include transferring dialysate from the second bag in response to the detection of the completed transfer of the first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the second bag has completely transferred. The method may further include determining if the respective first or second bag has completely transferred by comparing a dialysate bag volume transferred to the patient to a detected volume of the respective first or second bag. Systems with dialysis machines for performing such a method are disclosed as well.