Embodiments include a consumable medical device comprises a rigid cartridge to which a film is adhered to form a fluid channel and a damper chamber. A portion of the film forming the damper chamber has a wave-like shape adapted to roll onto a tip of a damper. The damper has a plunger to minimize peristaltic pressure in the channel The cartridge may include conductivity measurement channels. Crosstalk may be minimized by using different frequencies or time division for reading the channels. A stable dialysate concentrate containing sodium lactate may be used or generated with the system. The concentrate may be formed to higher concentration than feasible with a single component concentrate by forming two containers of concentrate, each containing a fraction of a total quantity of sodium lactate required for a predefined number of dialysis

Dialysis is enhanced by using nanoclay sorbents to better absorb body wastes in a flow-through system. The nanoclay sorbents, using montmorillonite, bentonite, and other clays, absorb significantly more ammonium, phosphate, and creatinine, and the like, than conventional sorbents. The montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays may be used in wearable systems, such as a wearable peritoneal dialysis system, in which a dialysis fluid is circulated through a filter with the nanoclay sorbents. Waste products are absorbed by the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays and the dialysis fluid is recycled to a patient's peritoneum. Using an ion-exchange capability of the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays, waste ions in the dialysis fluid are replaced with desirable ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The nanoclay sorbents are also useful for refreshing a dialysis fluid used in hemodialysis and thus reducing a quantity of the dialysis fluid needed for the hemodialysis.

A peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid line set includes a fluid line configured to carry spent dialysate to a drain receptacle and a chemical testing device disposed along the fluid line. The chemical testing device is configured to detect a presence of a substance in the spent dialysate as the spent dialysate flows past the chemical testing device, and the chemical testing device is configured to provide a visual indicator of the presence of the substance in the spent dialysate.

A medicament preparation system, according to an embodiment, includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module. The system is configured to allow convenient and safe use in a home environment or a critical care environment as well as others affording safety, reliability, and a compact form factor.

A medicament preparation system includes a water purification module and a medicament proportioning module that is interoperable with a replaceable fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a purified water inlet, a product medicament outlet, and a plurality of pumping tube segments. At least a first concentrate container is connected by at least a portion of the fluid circuit to the product medicament output and a first concentration measurement sensor station is positioned in a flow path. A controller is programmed to calculate iteratively a concentration of a first concentrate from the first concentrate container and the purified water from a signal generated by the first concentration measurement sensor station and to regulate one or both of a first pumping actuator engaged with the first pumping tube segment and a second pumping actuator engaged with the second pumping tube segment, responsively to the concentration of the first concentrate and water.

A dialysis system includes a dialysis instrument including a blood pump, a dialysate inlet pump, a dialysate outlet pump, and at least one fluid velocity sensor, each sensor including an emitter and a receiver, a dialyzer arranged (i) to receive blood pumped by the blood pump, (ii) to receive fresh dialysate pumped by the dialysate inlet pump and (iii) such that used dialysate is pumped from the dialyzer by the dialysate outlet pump, and a disposable cassette including a to-dialyzer dialysate pathway carrying dialysate pumped by the dialysate inlet pump and a from-dialyzer dialysate pathway carrying used dialysate pumped by the dialysate outlet pump, wherein at least one of the to-dialyzer dialysate pathway or the from-dialyzer dialysate pathway includes at least one sensing area so positioned and arranged such that when the disposable cassette is mounted to the instrument, the sensing area is coupled operably with both the emitter and the receiver of the at least one fluid velocity sensor.

A method is provided for detecting leaks in a disposable medical fluid cassette that includes a base and a flexible membrane attached to the base in such a way that the base and the flexible membrane cooperate to at least partially form a fluid passageway. The method includes applying a first force to the flexible membrane, measuring a first physical property of a system that includes the medical fluid cassette a medical fluid pumping machine, removing the first force from the flexible membrane, applying a second force to the flexible membrane, measuring a second physical property of the system, and determining whether the medical fluid cassette leaks based on a comparison of the first physical property and the second physical property.

A system for dialysis is disclosed. An example peritoneal dialysis system includes a peritoneal dialysis machine including a pumping mechanism, and a sensor configured to measure a property of peritoneal dialysis fluid. The peritoneal dialysis system also includes a disposable cassette operable with the peritoneal dialysis machine. The disposable cassette includes a fluid source inlet for accepting fluid from a fluid source and a fluid flow path in fluid communication with the fluid source inlet. The fluid flow path includes a pump chamber operable with the pumping mechanism to pump fluid through the fluid flow path. The disposable cassette also includes a concentrate inlet for fluidly communicating concentrate to the fluid flow path, and a sensor chamber located along the fluid flow path and operable with the sensor. The sensor is configured to provide feedback to the peritoneal dialysis machine for mixing the concentrate for forming peritoneal dialysis fluid.

A dialysis system has a module with a dialyzer configured to remove one or more substances from a dialysis solution as it passes through a dialyzer. The module has a fluid line, a sorbent cartridge, and a sodium control system adapted to actively alter a sodium concentration of dialysis solution passing through the fluid line as the dialysis solution exits the sorbent cartridge. The sodium control system has a conductivity sensor that sends a signal indicating the conductivity of the dialysis solution as the dialysis solution exits the sorbent cartridge, the conductivity meter being in communication with the sodium control system, a processor configured to receive the signal from the conductivity sensor, compare the conductivity signal to a threshold value lower than a prescription value, and cause the sodium control system to stop actively altering the sodium concentration if the signal is greater than the threshold value.

A dialysis machine includes a dialyzer (1), a dialysate feed system (5) having a feed line (52), and a discharge system (6) having a discharge line (62). The machine further includes ultrafiltration control elements (UF) and back-filtration control elements (RF). The feed line is provided with a constriction (520) and with elements for measuring the pressure difference (523, 524) across the terminals of the constriction. The feed system further includes a ventricle bag (50), and pressurizer elements (70) for putting the ventricle bag (50) under pressure. The machine further includes an open/close system (C5, C5′) for opening/closing the discharge line (62) and the back-filtration control elements cause the discharge line (62) to close, and control the pressure applied to the ventricle bag (50), as a function of the pressure difference measured across the terminals of the constriction (520), so as to obtain a given flow rate of dialysate.