A system includes an apparatus and a processor. The apparatus includes a set of actuator elements that move between two positions. Each actuator element is comprised in: exactly one first subset out of a plurality of non-empty first subsets and exactly one second subset out of a plurality of non-empty second subsets. The processor is configured to generate one or more control commands for a group of subsets out of the first and the second pluralities of subsets in response to a number of moving elements which, if released from the first extreme position during a second sampling cycle, enables production by the apparatus during the second sampling cycle of a sound.

Membrane device comprising a support, a membrane suspended on the support, a first actuator in contact with the membrane designed to apply a force on the membrane, a second actuator in contact with the membrane designed to apply a force on the membrane, means of determining the position of the membrane relative to the support and control means of the first and second actuators, said control means applying a deformation signal to one of the first and second actuators to deform the membrane and applying a control signal to the other of the first and second actuators to control displacement of the membrane, application of the control signal being determined by the membrane position.

A method for reproducing an acoustic signal from a digital signal, the digital signal being formed of successive bit sequences each having bits representative of the amplitude of an acoustic signal at a time sample, the method including (i) providing a plurality of transducers configured to emit acoustic signals that are wave trains having each a duration lower or equal to the duration of one time sample and including at least one oscillation per time sample, and (ii) successively, for each bit sequence, having each bit associated to at least one of the transducers and independently govern, depending on its value, amplitudes of the acoustic signals emitted by its associated transducers.

A magnetic sensor mounted on a headband of the personal audio delivery device may output a sensor signal indicative of an interaction between a magnetic field of a transducer of a personal audio delivery device and the magnetic sensor. A head size of a head on which the personal audio delivery device is worn is calculated based on the sensor signal from the magnetic sensor. Based on the head size, a non-linear transfer function is identified which characterizes how sound is transformed via the head with the calculated head size. An output signal is generated indicative of one or more audio cues to facilitate spatialization of sound associated with the output signal based on the identified non-linear transfer function. The sound associated with the output signal is output by the transducer of the personal audio delivery device.

A digital speaker (1) is provided that is equipped with a piezoelectric element (4) including n electrodes (51, 52, 53) spaced apart from one another. Sound pressure is adjusted according to the surface area of the electrodes (51, 52, 53), and all the electrodes (51, 52, 53) can be driven by the same voltage. A speaker system is provided that uses the digital speaker (1) as a tweeter (11), or as all the speakers including a woofer (13). By this speaker system, earphones (8) are provided that are miniaturized and have high sound quality.

An image of a pinna is captured. Based on the image of the pinna, a non-linear transfer function is determined which characterizes how sound is transformed at the pinna. A signal is output indicative of one or more audio cues to facilitate spatial localization of sound via the pinna, where the one or more audio cues is based on the non-linear transfer function.

An image sensor in a first earcup captures an image of a pinna. First sound is output by a first transducer in the first earcup located at the pinna and respective second sound is detected by each of one or more microphones in a second earcup located at the pinna. Based on the captured image and the respective second audio sound from each of the one or more microphones, a non-linear transfer function is determined which characterizes how sound is transformed by the pinna. A signal is generated indicative of one or more audio cues for spatializing third sound based on the determined non-linear transfer function.

A signal indicative of sound detected by at least one sensor at an audio device is received. The audio device may at least partially covers a pinna and the detected sound may interact with at least a torso of a human body, but can also interact with the head and shoulder. The signal is modulated with a non-linear transfer function to generate a modulated signal indicative of one or more audio cues for spatializing the detected sound while the audio device at least partially covers a pinna. Sound is output by the audio device based on the modulated signal.

A first sound is output by a first transducer in an earcup located at a pinna. Respective second sound based on the output of the first audio sound is detecting by each of one or more microphones in the earcup located at the pinna. Based on the respective detected second sound, a non-linear transfer function is determined which characterizes how sound is transformed via the pinna. A signal indicative of one or more audio cues for spatializing third sound is generated based on the determined non-linear transfer function.

A magnetic sensor mounted on a headband of the personal audio delivery device may output a sensor signal indicative of an interaction between a magnetic field of a transducer of a personal audio delivery device and the magnetic sensor. A head size of a head on which the personal audio delivery device is worn is calculated based on the sensor signal from the magnetic sensor. Based on the head size, a non-linear transfer function is identified which characterizes how sound is transformed via the head with the calculated head size. An output signal is generated indicative of one or more audio cues to facilitate spatialization of sound associated with the output signal based on the identified non-linear transfer function. The sound associated with the output signal is output by the transducer of the personal audio delivery device.