A water purification unit (30) fluidly connectable to a peritoneal dialysis preparator (50/60) and a cycler. The purification unit is connectable to a water source (20) and has a pump for flow of fluid from the unit to a purified water reservoir (40), the reservoir being fluidly connectable to the preparator which has a number of solute containers for dissolution of the solutes; each container being fluidly connectable to a chamber for receiving a solution of the solutes for preparation of a peritoneal dialysis fluid and the chamber being fluidly connectable to the cycler for the delivery and drainage of the peritoneal dialysis fluid to and from a patient. Purified water delivery to the reservoir is controlled by a first pressure sensor (72), and a second pressure sensor (74) between the reservoir and preparator provides a pressure differential between the first and second sensors to control a flow generator (76).

Constraining adaptive optimizations of a state of an operation module of a medical device includes determining if a new state has at least one operational parameter that is outside a constraint that has been provided to the medical device in a non-repudiable manner, accepting the new state if no operational parameters are outside any of the constraints, and reverting the medical device to a previous valid state if at least one operational parameter is outside at least one of the constraints. The adaptive optimizations may be provided using artificial intelligence along with relevant inputs thereto. The medical device may be a dialysis system. Constraint data may be provided to the medical device along with a one-way hash value of the constraint data using, for example, a SHA 256 hash. The one-way hash value may be digitally signed using a private key that is part of a public/private key pair.

A disposable medical flow-regulating assembly includes flow-directing units, with multiple fluid-flow lines entering each of the flow-directing units. The flow-directing units are interconnected by a fluid-flow line that extends between them. Each of the flow-directing units includes a rotational insert member that regulates which of multiple flow passages through the flow-directing unit is open and which are closed, based on the angular position of the insert member.

Dialysis machines and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) may include delivering dialysate to a patient and detecting a temperature of a volume of the dialysate, an air content of the dialysate volume, or another condition, or combinations thereof, wherein the detected temperature of the dialysate volume is compared to a predetermined maximum temperature, the detected air content of the dialysate volume is compared to a predetermined maximum air content and the detected other condition generates a signal. The volume of dialysate may be diverted in response to the detected temperature exceeding the predetermined maximum temperature, the air content exceeding the predetermined maximum air content, or the other condition generated signal, or combinations thereof.

A method for operating a dialysis machine to conduct a dialysis treatment on a patient (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis machine) may include transferring dialysate from a first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the first bag has completely transferred. After determining the dialysate has completely transferred from the first bag, switching from the first bag to a second bag of dialysate. The method may further include transferring dialysate from the second bag in response to the detection of the completed transfer of the first bag, and automatically determining the dialysate from the second bag has completely transferred. The method may further include determining if the respective first or second bag has completely transferred by comparing a dialysate bag volume transferred to the patient to a detected volume of the respective first or second bag. Systems with dialysis machines for performing such a method are disclosed as well.

A system is provided for operation with a facility providing peritoneal dialysis exchanges for multiple peritoneal dialysis patients. The system can include a peritoneal dialysis solution supply, peritoneal dialysis sets to deliver peritoneal dialysis solution to the peritoneal dialysis patients at the facility, a computer, and a treatment station. The computer can electronically read a prescription for a patient, electronically identify a quantity of the peritoneal dialysis solution from the prescription, and electronically identify a peritoneal dialysis set from the peritoneal dialysis sets for use with the identified quantity of the peritoneal dialysis solution. The treatment station can allow an identified peritoneal dialysis set to be fluidly connected to the peritoneal dialysis solution supply so that the identified quantity of the peritoneal dialysis solution may be metered from the dialysis solution supply to the patient to perform a peritoneal dialysis treatment at the facility and according to the prescription.

A secure artificial intelligence (AI) enabled wearable medical sensor platform is used for adaptive operation according to features and techniques described herein. Operational parameters are modified based on data inputs thereto that provide feedback to the AI systems of the wearable sensor platform. The described technology can facilitate adaptive optimizations provided by AI machine learning algorithms in a manner that can beneficially assist in the monitoring and treatment of a patient. For example, the system described herein may be used for the continuous monitoring of the physiological parameters and health of a patient's vascular access point (for example, the fistula) and may provide, among other things, early warnings of possible infection at the vascular access location.

A medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an automated peritoneal dialysis system, may be arranged to de-cap and connect one or more lines (such as solution lines) with one or more spikes or other connection ports on a fluid handling cassette. This feature may reduce a likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines and the one or more spikes. For example, the automated peritoneal dialysis system may include a carriage arranged to receive the one or more lines each having a connector end and a cap. The carriage may move along a first direction so as to move the connector ends of the one or more lines along the first direction, and a cap stripper may be arranged to engage with the caps on the one or more lines on the carriage. The cap stripper may move in a second direction transverse to the first direction, as well as to move with the carriage along the first direction.

In one aspect, a valve includes an interior channel for permitting a fluid to flow through the valve and an opening to the interior channel, the opening including a circular portion and a tapered portion adjacent the circular portion, the tapered portion having a maximum width that is less than a diameter of the circular portion, wherein the valve is rotatable about a central axis of the valve to adjust a position of a cross-sectional area of the opening with respect to a cross-sectional area of an inlet fluid line positioned to deliver the fluid to the rotary valve.

Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to predicting infection of a patient. These systems and methods may comprise illuminating a patient fluid in a fluid conduit from a plurality of illumination directions, measuring an optical characteristic of the illuminated patient fluid using one or more sensors, and predicting an infection state of the patient based at least in part on the measured optical characteristic.