Methods and apparatuses for fluid sensing system are disclosed. The method can include providing a first portion of a sample fluid in a sensing channel, holding the first portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a first diffusion period, after the first diffusion period, providing a second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel, holding the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a second diffusion period, and after the second diffusion period, sensing the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel by a sensing element. Providing pulses of sample with intervening diffusion periods can produce more uniform analyte concentration across sensors with less overall volume of sample fluid.

Provided are a blood purification system, etc., to enable more achieve more efficient purification of blood. A blood purification system includes a line through which a liquid containing blood or filtrate flows, a blood purification device to purify the blood flowing through the line, a supply device to supply dialysate or replacement fluid to the line, a detector to detect blood information relating to the blood flowing through the line, a liquid control mechanism to control flow of liquid in the line based on control parameters, a parameter acquisition module to input the detected blood information into a learning model trained to output predetermined control parameters when predetermined blood information is input, and acquires control parameters outputted from the learning model, and a control module to control the liquid control mechanism based on the acquired control parameters.

Treatment controllers and methods are provided that can be integrated with treatment systems, such as peritoneal dialysis systems, hemodialysis systems, and nocturnal treatment systems, to manage execution of treatment operations or a course of treatment based on timing information and/or patient sleep state.

A medical monitoring device for monitoring electrical signals from the body of a subject is described. The medical monitoring device monitors electrical signals originating from a cardiac cycle of the subject and associates each cardiac cycle with a time index. The medical monitoring device applies a forward computational procedure to generate a risk score indicative of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia or arrhythmia of the subject. The medical monitoring device can adjust the forward computational procedure based upon clinical data obtained from the subject.

This disclosure relates to remote control of dialysis machines. In certain aspects, a method includes receiving a request for a network connection from a dialysis machine and establishing the network connection with the dialysis machine. The method also includes receiving, from a client device, a request to access the dialysis machine, authorizing the client device to access the dialysis machine, receiving, from the dialysis machine, information pertaining to an operation of the dialysis machine, and providing, to the client device, the received information.

A blood purification apparatus with an arterial puncture needle or a venous puncture needle is stuck in the patient can be easily notified at the activation of a blood pump in an unconnected step. A blood purification apparatus includes a blood circuit for circulating blood, a dialyzer capable of purifying the blood, a blood pump provided to an arterial blood circuit for delivering a liquid, and a control device that executes a connected step in which the blood pump is activated when an arterial puncture needle (a) and a venous puncture needle (b) are in the patient and an unconnected step in which the blood pump is activated with neither the arterial puncture needle (a) nor the venous puncture needle (b) being stuck in the patient. The control device establishes, in the unconnected step, a restricted state where the behavior of the blood pump at the activation of the blood pump is restricted.

The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described.

An end stage renal disease (ESRD) monitoring system may include an implantable sensor and a reader device with an optical sensor. The implantable sensor may be configured to detect a group of analytes relevant to ESRD, such as glucose, creatinine, urea, and potassium. The implantable sensor may be implanted into the dermis of an animal, and may exhibit color changes in response to the presence of the target analytes or reaction product(s) thereof. The reader device may be configured to capture an image of the implanted sensor and to determine the concentration of the target analytes based at least in part on the image. The reader device may be a personal electronic device such as a cell phone, PDA, or personal computer.

The invention relates to a testing system and related methods for detecting peritonitis or infection in peritoneal dialysate removed from a patient. The testing system can include a fluid sensor apparatus in a fluid line of a peritoneal dialysis cycler through which spent peritoneal dialysate can be pumped. The fluid sensor apparatus can detect one or more markers associated with peritonitis or infection.

A fluid handling cassette, such as that useable with an automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) cycler device or other infusion apparatus, may include a generally planar body having at least one pump chamber formed as a depression in a first side of the body and a plurality of flowpaths for a fluid that includes a channel. A patient line port may be arranged for connection to a patient line and be in fluid communication with the at least one pump chamber via at least a first one of said flowpaths, and an optional membrane may be attached to the first side of the body over the at least one pump chamber. In one embodiment, the membrane may have a pump chamber portion with an unstressed shape that generally conforms to the depression of the at least one pump chamber in the body and is arranged to be movable for movement of the fluid in a useable space of the at least one pump chamber. One or more spacers may be provided in the at least one pump chamber to prevent the membrane from contacting an inner wall of the at least one pump chamber. The patient line, a drain line, and/or a heater bag line may be positioned to be separately occludable in relation to one or more solution lines that are connectable to the cassette.