A device for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves is provided herein. In one or more examples, the device comprises: a polymer infill; a first set of piezoelectric components, wherein the first set of piezoelectric components comprises one or more piezoelectric components, disposed in a first annular area interstitially in the polymer infill, the first annular area defined by a first inner ring and a first outer ring; a second set of piezoelectric components, wherein the second set of piezoelectric components comprises one or more piezoelectric components, disposed in a second annular area interstitially in the polymer infill, the second annular area defined by a second inner ring and second outer ring; and wherein the rings are spaced apart from each other radially based on one or more Gaussian distributions.

Provided is a polymer-based piezoelectric composite material film which has high conversion efficiency and is capable of reproducing a sound with a sufficient volume. The polymer-based piezoelectric composite material film is a film including a polymer-based piezoelectric composite material which contains piezoelectric particles in a matrix containing a polymer material, and two electrode layers which are laminated on both surfaces of the polymer-based piezoelectric composite material, in which a coefficient of variation of intensity ratio α.sub.1 of (002) plane peak intensity and (200) plane peak intensity derived from the piezoelectric particles=(002) plane peak intensity/((002) plane peak intensity+(200) plane peak intensity) in a case where the polymer-based piezoelectric composite material is evaluated by an X-ray diffraction method is less than 0.3.

Provided are a display device. The display device comprises a display panel displaying an image, a main circuit board disposed under the display panel, a first vibration element attached to a lower surface of the display panel and providing first vibration in accordance with a first vibration signal, a second vibration element disposed on the main circuit board and providing second vibration in accordance with a second vibration signal, and a first vibration driver circuit providing the first vibration signal to the first vibration element, wherein a phase of the second vibration signal is opposite to a phase of the first vibration signal.

An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric element formed of a piezoelectric film including an electrode layer provided on each of both surfaces of a piezoelectric layer and a protective layer provided on the surface of the electrode layer, in which the electrode layer and a conductive member such as a lead wire can be connected to each other with high productivity and the resistance of the connection is also low. The object thereof is achieved by opening through-holes in the protective layer of the piezoelectric film and the conductive member, allowing both through-holes to at least partially overlap each other, filling the through-hole of the protective layer with a conductive filling member, and allowing the filling member to reach the through-hole of the conductive member.

Display panel and display apparatus including the same. A display panel includes a first substrate including a display portion configured to display an image, a second substrate attached to the first substrate by an adhesive member, and a vibration generating module within the adhesive member to overlap the display portion. The vibration generating module is surrounded by the second substrate and the adhesive member.

A display device includes: a display panel including a substrate and a pixel array layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; a sound generation device disposed on an opposing surface opposite to the surface of the substrate; and a set cover including a plurality of ribs which overlap the sound generation device in a thickness direction of the display panel. The sound generation device vibrates the display panel to output a sound.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cut sheet-like piezoelectric film which includes electrode layers on both surfaces of a piezoelectric layer and is capable of preventing a short circuit of the electrode layers. The object is achieved by providing a cut sheet-like piezoelectric film including a piezoelectric layer which contains piezoelectric particles in a matrix containing a polymer material, and electrode layers which are provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer, in which a distance between the electrode layers at an end portion in a thickness direction is 40% or greater with respect to a thickness of the piezoelectric layer.

A display apparatus includes: a display module including a display panel configured to display an image, a vibration plate on a rear surface of the display module, a connection member between the rear surface of the display module and the vibration plate, at least one vibration module on the vibration plate, and an enclosure between the display module and the vibration plate, the enclosure being spaced apart from the vibration module, the enclosure surrounding the vibration module.

An apparatus may include a vibration member and a vibration device configured to vibrate the vibration member. The vibration device may be configured to comprise a first vibration portion and a second vibration portion which is different from the first vibration portion.

An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric polymer film having excellent piezoelectric characteristics. The object is achieved by providing a piezoelectric polymer film including a piezoelectric layer containing lead zirconate titanate particles in a matrix that contains a polymer material, and an electrode layer provided on each of both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer, in which a Raman shift of a maximum peak present in a range of 190 to 215 cm.sup.−1 in a Raman spectrum of the piezoelectric layer is 205 cm.sup.−1 or less.