A microphone assembly includes a housing defining an acoustic cavity having a sound inlet for transmitting a sound in to the acoustic cavity. A micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) microphone is located at least partially within the housing adjacent the acoustic cavity. The MEMS microphone includes a microphone aperture acoustically coupled with the aperture of the housing. An acoustic vent is located adjacent the microphone aperture to substantially allow sound to pass through the acoustic vent while substantially preventing a foreign contaminant from entering the microphone aperture.

A microphone assembly includes a housing defining an acoustic cavity having a sound inlet for transmitting a sound in to the acoustic cavity. A micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) microphone is located at least partially within the housing adjacent the acoustic cavity. The MEMS microphone includes a microphone aperture acoustically coupled with the aperture of the housing. An acoustic vent is located adjacent the microphone aperture to substantially allow sound to pass through the acoustic vent while substantially preventing a foreign contaminant from entering the microphone aperture.

An apparatus to time delay a digital, signal output from an oversampled sensor includes a first time delay element and a second time delay element. The first time delay element has a first input and a first output. The first time delay element is configured to output a time delayed signal that is time delayed by an integer number of sampling clock cycles. An output of the oversampled sensor is connected to the first input of the first time delay element. The second time delay element has a second input and a second output and is configured to output a time delayed signal that is time delayed by an integer number of sampling clock cycles. The first output of the first time delay element is connected to the second input of the second time delay element. A multiplexer has a control input and a multiplexer output. The first output of the first time delay element is connected to a first multiplexer input. The second output of the second time delay element is connected to a second multiplexer input. In operation, time delay information is used to provide a signal to the control input to select a particular multiplexer input for output on the multiplexer output. The output of the oversampled sensor is time delayed by an amount provided by the particular multiplexer input.

An apparatus to time delay a digital, signal output from an oversampled sensor includes a first time delay element and a second time delay element. The first time delay element has a first input and a first output. The first time delay element is configured to output a time delayed signal that is time delayed by an integer number of sampling clock cycles. An output of the oversampled sensor is connected to the first input of the first time delay element. The second time delay element has a second input and a second output and is configured to output a time delayed signal that is time delayed by an integer number of sampling clock cycles. The first output of the first time delay element is connected to the second input of the second time delay element. A multiplexer has a control input and a multiplexer output. The first output of the first time delay element is connected to a first multiplexer input. The second output of the second time delay element is connected to a second multiplexer input. In operation, time delay information is used to provide a signal to the control input to select a particular multiplexer input for output on the multiplexer output. The output of the oversampled sensor is time delayed by an amount provided by the particular multiplexer input.

A vibration transducer for sensing vibrations includes a first flexible triboelectric member, a second flexible triboelectric member, a plurality of attachment points, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first flexible triboelectric member includes a first triboelectric layer and a material being on a first position on a triboelectric series. A conductive layer is deposited on the second side thereof. The second flexible triboelectric member includes a second triboelectric layer and a material being on a second position on the triboelectric series that is different from the first position on the triboelectric series. The second triboelectric member is adjacent to the first flexible triboelectric member. When the first triboelectric member comes into and out of contact with the second triboelectric member as a result of the vibrations, a triboelectric potential difference having a variable intensity corresponding to the vibrations can be sensed between the first and second triboelectric members.

A vibration transducer for sensing vibrations includes a first flexible triboelectric member, a second flexible triboelectric member, a plurality of attachment points, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first flexible triboelectric member includes a first triboelectric layer and a material being on a first position on a triboelectric series. A conductive layer is deposited on the second side thereof. The second flexible triboelectric member includes a second triboelectric layer and a material being on a second position on the triboelectric series that is different from the first position on the triboelectric series. The second triboelectric member is adjacent to the first flexible triboelectric member. When the first triboelectric member comes into and out of contact with the second triboelectric member as a result of the vibrations, a triboelectric potential difference having a variable intensity corresponding to the vibrations can be sensed between the first and second triboelectric members.

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone and form-factor adapter can include an adapter housing including an opening and an outer acoustic port and can include a MEMS microphone disposed at least partially within the adapter housing. The MEMS microphone can include a microphone housing, a MEMS motor disposed in the microphone housing and acoustically coupled to the outer acoustic port of the adapter housing via an acoustic port of the microphone housing, and an electrical circuit disposed in the microphone housing and electrically coupled to the MEMS motor and to electrical contacts on an exterior of the microphone housing. The electrical contacts can be physically accessible through the opening of the adapter housing. The adapter housing can change a form-factor of the MEMS microphone.

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone and form-factor adapter can include an adapter housing including an opening and an outer acoustic port and can include a MEMS microphone disposed at least partially within the adapter housing. The MEMS microphone can include a microphone housing, a MEMS motor disposed in the microphone housing and acoustically coupled to the outer acoustic port of the adapter housing via an acoustic port of the microphone housing, and an electrical circuit disposed in the microphone housing and electrically coupled to the MEMS motor and to electrical contacts on an exterior of the microphone housing. The electrical contacts can be physically accessible through the opening of the adapter housing. The adapter housing can change a form-factor of the MEMS microphone.

A digital microphone includes at least one integrator; a state detection and parameter control component directly coupled to an output of the integrator; and a signal processing component coupled to an output of the state detection and parameter control component, wherein a parameter of the signal processing component includes a first value in a first operational mode and a second value in a second operational mode different from the first operational mode.

A parameter distribution setting method including performs learning based on a gradient learning method in advance such that a mutual information between a probabilistic distribution of an output of a reservoir device and an ideal probabilistic distribution of the output increases, and setting a parameter distribution of parameters defining element derivation in a plurality of elements constituting the reservoir device in a device model for the reservoir device.