Dialysis systems and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) for conducting dialysis treatments are disclosed. The dialysis system may include a dialysis machine for transferring dialysate to a patient from a dialysate source. The dialysate may flow from the dialysate source through a cartridge or cassette (e.g., a disposable cartridge or cassette) positionable within the dialysis machine. The dialysis machine includes a piston for pumping fluid (e.g., dialysate) from the cassette to the patient. In various embodiments, during use, the piston is arranged and configured to contact, compress, etc. a membrane defining one or more fluid chambers in the cassette. In one embodiment, the piston includes a sensor for detecting a leak at the interface between the piston and the membrane. The sensor may be a capacitive sensor.

A dialysis machine (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis (PD) machine) can include a safety feature that is used to isolate individual fluid lines attached to a disposable cassette. The PD machine can include an interface for a disposable cassette, a plurality of safety mechanisms, and a processor. A plurality of fluid lines are connected to the disposable cassette, and each safety mechanism corresponds to a particular fluid line in the plurality of fluid lines. The processor is configured to detect a hazard condition, such as a loss of power to the PD machine or leak in the disposable cassette, and activate one or more safety mechanisms to isolate corresponding fluid lines connected to the disposable cassette. In one embodiment, the safety mechanisms are spring-loaded clamping mechanisms configured to compress a distensible tube connected to the fluid line. In another embodiment, the safety mechanisms include relay solenoids and/or check valves.

A system for performing a peritoneal dialysis therapy includes at least one dialysis fluid pump, and a logic implementer operable with the at least one dialysis fluid pump to perform a plurality of peritoneal dialysis cycles for a patient. The logic implementer transmits an amount of dialysis fluid provided during the plurality of peritoneal dialysis cycles. A server receives the amount of dialysis fluid provided during the plurality of peritoneal dialysis cycles and determines an amount of ultrafiltration (“UF”) removed from the patient based on the amount of dialysis fluid provided by the at least one dialysis fluid pump. The server also updates a UF trend using previous amounts of UF removed from the patient and the amount of UF removed from the patient during the most recent dialysis treatment and generates an alert if the UF trend changes by more than a preset percentage.

A fluid handling cassette, such as that useable with an automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) cycler device or other infusion apparatus, may include a generally planar body having at least one pump chamber formed as a depression in a first side of the body and a plurality of flowpaths for a fluid that includes a channel. A patient line port may be arranged for connection to a patient line and be in fluid communication with the at least one pump chamber via at least a first one of said flowpaths, and an optional membrane may be attached to the first side of the body over the at least one pump chamber. In one embodiment, the membrane may have a pump chamber portion with an unstressed shape that generally conforms to the depression of the at least one pump chamber in the body and is arranged to be movable for movement of the fluid in a useable space of the at least one pump chamber. One or more spacers may be provided in the at least one pump chamber to prevent the membrane from contacting an inner wall of the at least one pump chamber. The patient line, a drain line, and/or a heater bag line may be positioned to be separately occludable in relation to one or more solution lines that are connectable to the cassette.

Components for a medical infusion fluid handling system, such as an APD system, in which one or more lines (such as solution lines), spikes or other connection ports may be automatically capped and/or de-capped. This feature may provide advantages, such as a reduced likelihood of contamination since no human interaction is required to de-cap and connect the one or more lines, the spikes or the other connection ports. For example, a fluid handling cassette may include one or more caps that cover a corresponding spike and include a raised and/or recessed feature to assist in removal of the one or more caps from the cassette. A solution line cap may include a hole and a recess, a groove or other feature to engage with a spike cap and enable removal of the spike cap.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a dialysis fluid pump having a reusable pump body that accepts PD fluid for pumping; a dialysis fluid inline heater including a reusable heater body that accepts PD fluid for heating; a patient line connector; a drain line connector; a first reusable PD fluid line including a first connector configured to mate with the patient line connector; a second reusable PD fluid line including a second connector configured to mate with the drain line connector; and a control unit configured to run a heat cleaning (e.g., heat disinfection or heat sterilization) sequence after PD treatment, wherein the first connector of the first reusable PD fluid line is mated with the patient line connector, the second connector of the second reusable PD fluid line is mated with the drain line connector, and the dialysis fluid pump and perhaps the dialysis fluid inline heater are actuated.

Improvements in fluid volume measurement systems are disclosed for a pneumatically actuated diaphragm pump in general, and a peritoneal dialysis cycler using a pump cassette in particular. Pump fluid volume measurements are based on pressure measurements in a pump control chamber and a reference chamber in a two-chamber model, with different sections being modeled using a combination of adiabatic, isothermal and polytropic processes. Real time or instantaneous fluid flow measurements in a pump chamber of the diaphragm pump are also disclosed, in this case using a one-chamber ideal gas model and using a high speed processor to obtain and process pump control chamber pressures during fluid flow into or out of the pump chamber. Improved heater control circuitry is also disclosed, to provide added or redundant safety measures, or to reduce current leakage from a heater element during pulse width modulation control of the heater element. Improvements are also disclosed in an application of negative pressure during a drain phase in peritoneal dialysis therapy, and to control an amount of intraperitoneal fluid accumulation during the therapy. Improvements in efficiency are also disclosed in movement of fluid into and out of a two-pump cassette and a heater bag of the peritoneal dialysis cycler, and in synchronization of operation of two or more pumps in the peritoneal dialysis cycler or other fluid handling devices using a multi-pump arrangement.

A peritoneal dialysis (“RD”) system includes a cycler including an actuation surface having a peristaltic pump actuator; a manifold assembly including a rigid manifold having first and second chambers (110a, 110b), the rigid manifold configured and arranged to be abutted against the actuation surface for operation, a peristaltic pump tube (124gh) extending from the first chamber (110a) to the second chamber (110b) of the rigid manifold, a dialysis fluid container line (124b) extending from the first chamber (110a), and a branch line (124c) extending between the dialysis fluid container line (124b) and the second chamber (110b); and a control unit configured to cause the peristaltic pump actuator to actuate the peristaltic pump tube (124gh) to pump dialysis fluid from the branch line (124c) into the second chamber (100b) and from the second chamber (110b) into the first chamber (110a).

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a housing; a dialysis fluid pump housed by the housing; a patient line extendable from the housing; and a hose reel located within the housing, the hose reel configured to coil the patient line when disconnected from a patient. The patient line may be a dual lumen patient line, wherein the dual lumen patient line is coiled about the hose reel during a disinfection sequence for disinfecting the dual lumen patient line and the dialysis fluid pump.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a cycler including an actuation surface having a peristaltic pump actuator; at least one pair of capacitive sensing plates; a manifold assembly including a rigid manifold having at least one chamber, the rigid manifold configured and arranged to be abutted against the actuation surface for operation, wherein the at least one pair of capacitive sensing plates is positioned to be operable with the at least one chamber; a peristaltic pump tube; and a control unit configured to actuate the peristaltic pump actuator to pump an amount of dialysis fluid to the at least one chamber, receive a signal from the pair of capacitive sensing plates, count a number of revolutions of the peristaltic pump actuator, determine a current volume per revolution for the peristaltic pump actuator, and use the current volume per revolution for a subsequent operation of the peristaltic pump actuator.