Dialysis systems and methods for operating dialysis machines (e.g., peritoneal dialysis machines) for conducting dialysis treatments are disclosed. The dialysis system may include a dialysis machine for transferring dialysate to a patient from a dialysate source. The dialysate may flow from the dialysate source through a cartridge or cassette (e.g., a disposable cartridge or cassette) positionable within the dialysis machine. The dialysis machine includes a piston for pumping fluid (e.g., dialysate) from the cassette to the patient. In various embodiments, during use, the piston is arranged and configured to contact, compress, etc. a membrane defining one or more fluid chambers in the cassette. In one embodiment, the piston includes a sensor for detecting a leak at the interface between the piston and the membrane. The sensor may be a capacitive sensor.

Techniques for monitoring fluid volumes during peritoneal analysis include: computing lower abdominal fluid volumes, continuously during a dwell time of a peritoneal dialysis treatment, based at least on bioimpedance data from electrodes positioned on a patient's upper thighs; and computing intraperitoneal volumes, continuously during the dwell time of the peritoneal dialysis treatment, based at least on bioimpedance data from the electrodes positioned on the patient's upper thighs and electrodes positioned on the patient's torso.

A peritoneal dialysis fluid circuit comprising a patient line, a delivery line configured to supply fresh dialysis fluid towards the patient line, a withdrawal line configured to withdraw spent dialysis fluid from the patient line, a first pump arranged on the delivery line and configured to supply fresh dialysis fluid towards the patient line, and a second pump arranged on the withdrawal line and configured to withdraw spent dialysis fluid from the patient line. The fluid circuit further comprises a control unit configured to perform a peritoneal dialysis procedure. The peritoneal dialysis procedure comprises commanding activation of the first pump at a first flow rate, and activation of the second pump at a second flow rate different from the first flow rate: the first pump and the second pump are active simultaneously to provide the first flow rate and the second flow rate.

A peritoneal dialysis (PD) system for infusing a volume of PD solution into a patient's peritoneal cavity in order to perform peritoneal dialysis on the patient includes a peritoneal cavity monitor (PCM) that measures this volume of fluid in the patient's peritoneal cavity by segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (SBIS), to thereby determine an ultrafiltration volume of fluid in the patient's peritoneal cavity, and a switch, controlled by the PCM, for filling the patient's peritoneal cavity and draining the patient's peritoneal cavity when the ultrafiltration volume is unchanged over time, significantly decreased, or decreasing at a significant rate.

A medical system suitable for delivering a fluid to a patient according to multiple modes of operation, including a safety mode that additionally enables the delivery or the treatment to continue even when a probable anomaly is detected.

Treatment controllers and methods are provided that can be integrated with treatment systems, such as peritoneal dialysis systems, hemodialysis systems, and nocturnal treatment systems, to manage execution of treatment operations or a course of treatment based on timing information and/or patient sleep state.

Treatment controllers and methods are provided that can be integrated with treatment systems, such as peritoneal dialysis systems, hemodialysis systems, and nocturnal treatment systems, to manage execution of treatment operations or a course of treatment based on timing information and/or patient sleep state.

An automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) device, system and method is provided, which utilizes mechanisms to admix customized dialysate solutions from multiple sources, while maximizing volumetric accuracy. The present automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) device can accomplish these goals all within the convenience and comfort of the patient's home utilizing filtered tap water.

A tubing connection system is disclosed by which patients or others seeking to make connections between tubing sets, particularly for a home dialysis machine, can make those connections without having to hold each tube in each hand. In various implementations, the tubing connection device may include mechanisms for rectilinear and rotational motion to engage tubing connectors for connection between the tubing connectors as well as torque control features to prevent over-tightening. The system may also include automatically controlled gripping mechanisms to facilitate gripping of the tubing in connection with tubing connection operations. The system provides for facilitating a consistently secure connection of the tubing connectors.

An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure. The apparatus comprises a dilution syringe for removal of a portion of peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity. A glucose bag comprises glucose concentrate at a concentration of 30%. A small amount of glucose concentrate is mixed with the dilution fluid in the dilution syringe in order to dilute the glucose concentrate to below 3% concentration. Then, the mixture is filled into the peritoneal cavity from the dilution syringe in order to replenish the glucose in the peritoneal cavity for maintaining a substantially constant glucose concentration in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, peritoneal fluid is intermittently removed from the peritoneal cavity for counteracting increased intraperitoneal fluid volume and increased intraperitoneal pressure due to ultrafiltration. A UF bag is arranged for receiving such surplus peritoneal fluid. A glucose syringe may be arranged for metering the glucose concentrate.