Systems and methods for performing Direct Sodium Removal (DSR) therapy are provided in which an implantable device includes a pump coupled to an inlet catheter designed for placement in a patient's peritoneal cavity, an outlet catheter designed to be coupled to the patient's bladder, and is operably coupled to an analyte sensor, the pump programmed to transfer and/or cease transfer of fluid from the patient's peritoneal cavity to the patient's bladder for voiding responsive to a level of analyte detected by the analyte sensor. In addition, the system may include a processor that computes an amount of analyte transferred per pumping session.

The disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for sensing the volume of liquid in a container, such as within a medical device. The systems, devices, and methods can measure the properties of a signal sent across a container using non-intrusive components that remain outside the container. The measured properties can be used to determine the volume of liquid in the container, as well as changes to the volume of liquid representing flow into and out of the container.

A peritoneal dialysis system for detecting peritonitis is disclosed herein. In one example, an impedance measurement system includes an impedance monitor configured to sense an impedance of peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) fluid residing within a fluid line. The impedance monitor includes a first conductive lead disposed within a first port along the fluid line and a second conductive lead disposed within a second port along the fluid line. The impedance measurement system also includes a control unit electrically coupled to the impedance monitor. The control unit uses the sensed impedance from the impedance monitor to detect white blood cells to form a patient peritonitis determination. The control unit may communicate the peritonitis determination to alert a clinician.

A process for removing Hg.sup.2+ toxins from bodily fluids is disclosed. The process involves contacting the bodily fluid with a titanium metallate ion exchanger to remove the metal toxins in the bodily fluid, including blood and gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, blood can be contacted with a dialysis solution which is then contacted with the ion exchanger. The titanium metallate ion exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula:
A.sub.mTiNb.sub.aSi.sub.xO.sub.y. A composition is provided with the combination of the titanium metallate ion exchanger and bodily fluids or dialysis solutions. Also, provided is an apparatus comprising a matrix and the titanium metallate ion exchanger.

A Direct Sodium Removal method, apparatus and solution for treating patients in heart failure, and having a glomerular filtration rate greater than 15 mL/min/1.73 m.sup.2, or residual kidney function corresponding to normal to CKD Stage 4, is provided in which a no or low sodium DSR infusate is administered to the peritoneal cavity for a predetermined dwell period and then removed, thereby removing sodium from the body. The resulting elimination of fluid from the patient by i) functioning of the kidneys through urination and ii) direct removal of osmotic ultrafiltrate from the peritoneal cavity, restores serum sodium concentrations to healthy levels and thereby reduces fluid overload in the patient.

Systems and devices are provided for heating an infusible liquid. The inline heater includes a fluid flow channel defined by a conduit for flowing an infusible liquid through a first portion of the conduit having a first cross-sectional dimension to a second portion of the conduit having a smaller second cross-sectional dimension. A nozzle is disposed in the first portion of the conduit. A heating element in thermal communication with an outer surface of the second portion of the conduit conducts heat through the conduit into the infusible liquid. The nozzle is positioned to spray the infusible liquid about a circumference of an inner wall of the second portion of the conduit to provide increased heat transfer from the heating element to the infusible liquid. The inline heater may be formed as a cassette for use in a dialysis machine.

Systems, methods, and/or apparatuses may be operative to perform a dialysis process that includes a displacer infusion process. The dialysis machine may include at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, may cause the at least one processor to access dialysis information for a dialysis process performed by a dialysis machine, the dialysis information indicating a target substance to be displaced from a binding compound by a displacer, and determine an infusion profile for infusing the displacer into a patient during a displacer infusion process of the dialysis process, the infusion profile determined based on the dialysis information and an infusion constraint. Other embodiments are described.

Systems and methods for managing the pH of a dialysate fluid during hemodialysis therapy. The systems and methods adjust dialysate pH and buffer concentration to generate a predetermined total bicarbonate buffer concentration in a dialysate entering a dialyzer.

A direct sodium removal (“DSR”) infusate regimen and methods of use are provided for removing sodium and reducing fluid overload in patients with severe renal dysfunction and/or heart failure, in which a patient has at least a first DSR session with a first DSR infusate having no or low sodium that is instilled into a patient's peritoneal cavity for a first dwell period to cause sodium and excess fluid to migrate to the patient's peritoneal cavity, and thereafter, the patient may undergo conventional dialysis to rebalance the patient's fluid and sodium levels.

The present disclosure relates to a water purification apparatus that comprises a reverse osmosis device, RO-device, producing a purified water flow and to a corresponding method. The proposed method comprises detecting at least one fluid property of purified water in the purified water path and regulating a flow rate of water in the recirculation path to fulfill one or more predetermined criteria of the purified water in the purified water path, based on the at least one detected fluid property. The present disclosure also relates to a computer program and a computer program product implementing the method.