A piezoelectric element comprising a compound represented by Formula 1, a piezoelectric device including the piezoelectric element, a vibration module including the piezoelectric device, and a display apparatus including the piezoelectric device are provided, where
(1−x)(Li.sub.zNa.sub.0.5-zK.sub.0.5)(Nb.sub.1-ySb.sub.y)O.sub.3.Math.xCaZrO.sub.3  [Formula 1] where x, y, and z have a range of 0.001≤x≤0.2, a range of 0≤y≤0.5, and a range of 0≤z≤0.2, respectively.

A display apparatus may include a rear cover at a rear surface of a display module and a vibration generating module at a rear region of the rear cover. The vibration generating module may be configured to output sound in a forward direction and a lateral direction of the display module.

A loudspeaker system with viscoelastic material affixed between two flexible panels is disclosed. The loudspeaker system dissipates the energy of motion, resulting in less pronounced resonant peaks. The effect may be especially evident at high frequencies, where energy is dissipated over many cycles in a shorter period of time. Also disclosed are the method of making the loudspeaker system and a method of using the loudspeaker system.

A piezoelectric element comprising a compound represented by Formula 1, a piezoelectric device including the piezoelectric element, a vibration module including the piezoelectric device, and a display apparatus including the piezoelectric device are provided, where
(1-x)(Li.sub.zNa.sub.0.5-zK.sub.0.5)(Nb.sub.1-ySb.sub.y)O.sub.3.xCaZrO.sub.3  [Formula 1] where x, y, and z have a range of 0.001≤x≤0.2, a range of 0≤y≤0.5, and a range of 0≤z≤0.2, respectively.

The present invention provides a display device and a television device with which it is possible to reduce the thickness of the device profile while also realizing desirable acoustic characteristics. This display device includes: a first plate-shaped object; a display module including a display element and a second plate-shaped object that supports the display element, the display module being disposed so as to face the first plate-shaped object; a liquid layer formed by sealing up a liquid between the first plate-like object and the display module; and a vibrator provided to the first plate-shaped object and/or the display module. The loss coefficient of the display device at 25° C. is 1×10.sup.−2 or greater and a thickness ratio between the first plate-shaped object and the display module is from 1:10 to 10:1.

A display device includes a display panel including a display layer including light-emitting elements disposed on a substrate, and a sensor electrode layer disposed on the display layer. The sensor electrode layer includes a first sound electrode and a second sound electrode; a vibration layer electrically contacting the first sound electrode and the second sound electrode and being deformed in response to a first sound driving voltage applied to the first sound electrode and a second sound driving voltage applied to the second sound electrode; and sensor electrodes disposed on the vibration layer. The sensor electrodes sense an input.

A speaker device for a display device is disclosed. The speaker device includes: a magnet layer, disposed inside a housing of the display device; and a metal coil layer, disposed on a color filter glass of the display device, and configured to provide a motive force to the color filter glass to generate an amplitude according to a magnetic field reaction generated when a current flows through the metal coil layer.

A method for producing an audio signal from a panel audio loudspeaker in a mobile device includes receiving information about a status of the mobile device from one or more sensors of the mobile device. The method further includes driving, with a first drive signal, a first actuator coupled to a display panel of the panel audio loudspeaker at a first location and simultaneously driving, with a second drive signal, a second actuator coupled to the display panel at a second location different from the first location. The method also includes varying a relative timing of the first and second drive signals based on the information about the status of the mobile device to vary a direction of an audio signal and/or a source location of the audio signal on the display panel.

A method for producing an audio signal from a panel audio loudspeaker in a mobile device includes receiving information about a status of the mobile device from one or more sensors of the mobile device. The method further includes driving, with a first drive signal, a first actuator coupled to a display panel of the panel audio loudspeaker at a first location and simultaneously driving, with a second drive signal, a second actuator coupled to the display panel at a second location different from the first location. The method also includes varying a relative timing of the first and second drive signals based on the information about the status of the mobile device to vary a direction of an audio signal and/or a source location of the audio signal on the display panel.

A vibration device includes a plate-like glass vibrator and a plurality of exciters that are attached to the glass vibrator and configured to generate vibration according to an input electrical signal. An aspect ratio La/Lb of a length La of a longer side to a length Lb of a shorter side of a rectangle in which the glass vibrator is inscribed is 1.2 to 50. Provided that the number of the exciters is n and a minimum value of distance between the exciters is S.sub.min, a relational value α (α=S.sub.min−1)/La) is 0.2 to 0.8. In the case where the number n of exciters is 3 or larger, a value β(β=Sσ/S.sub.ave) obtained by dividing a standard deviation Sσ of distances by an average S.sub.ave of the distances between the exciters is 0 to 0.5.