A method includes flowing spent dialysate through a spent dialysate line of a dialysis system into a fluid receptacle fluidly coupled to the spent dialysate line, reacting the spent dialysate with a chemical reagent contained within the fluid receptacle to generate a reacted sample, emitting electromagnetic radiation through the reacted sample using an emitter; detecting a level of one or more waste products present in the spent dialysate using a spectroscopy sensor positioned proximate the fluid receptacle.

A method of removing harmful substances in blood according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is performed by a fluidic device including an inlet into which isolated blood is injected and at least one blood-clot generating and fixing unit, and the method includes injecting isolated blood into the inlet and removing harmful substances in blood by generating blood clots in the at least one blood-clot generating and fixing unit from the injected blood and fixing the blood clots.

Apparatus and method for photo-chemical oxidation are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a system for treating a dialysis fluid includes: a nanostructured photo-electrochemical anode; a source of light configured to illuminate the photo-electrochemical anode; and a cathode that is permeable to oxygen provided to the dialysis fluid and non-permeable to a liquid of the dialysis fluid. The photo-electrochemical anode is configured to remove urea from the dialysis fluid by converting the urea in the dialysis fluid into oxidation products through a photo electrochemical reaction.

A crossflow filter includes a rigid cylindrical inner wall and a rigid cylindrical outer wall inner with an inelastic filter membrane positioned therebetween defining a retentate channel inside the filter membrane and a permeate channel outside the filter membrane. Further, the filter includes transition channels shaped and connected to the inner and outer walls to deliver a flow of fluid from an inlet port to the retentate channel and to capture flow flowing longitudinally along the cylindrical inner and outer walls from both the retentate and permeate channels to respective outlet ports.

Disclosed are a blood filter which exhibits excellent leukocyte elimination performance as well as significantly improved blood throughput per unit time and erythrocyte recovery rate and a method of manufacturing the same. The blood filter of the present invention includes a pre-treatment filter which is a laminate of first non-woven fabrics having a mean fiber diameter of 5 to 30 μm and a mean pore size of 10 to 30 μm, and a main filter which is a laminate of second non-woven fabrics having a mean fiber diameter of 1 to 5 μm, a mean pore size of 5 to 10 μm and a mean pore size distribution rate of 30% or more. A filling density of the pre-treatment filter and a filling density of the main filter, with respect to a target blood throughput of the blood filter, are 0.1 g/100 ml to 1 g/100 ml and 1 g/100 ml to 3 g/100 ml, respectively.

A system is provided for separating a plasma-containing fluid into separated plasma and a concentrated fluid. The system cooperates with a fluid flow circuit including a fluid separation chamber and a plasma outlet line associated therewith for removing separated plasma from the fluid separation chamber. The system includes an optical sensor assembly to monitor the contents of the plasma outlet line and produce an output indicative of the concentration of free plasma hemoglobin in the plasma outlet line. A controller of the system calculates the amount of free plasma hemoglobin in at least a portion of the concentrated fluid based at least in part on the output of the optical sensor assembly. The controller may periodically calibrate the optical sensor assembly by determining an instrument-specific correlation between optic output and free hemoglobin concentration and comparing it to experimentally determined data to ensure continued reliability of the optical sensor assembly.

A biological fluid separation device that is adapted to receive a multi-component blood sample is disclosed. After collecting the blood sample, the biological fluid separation device is able to separate a plasma portion from a cellular portion. After separation, the biological fluid separation device is able to transfer the plasma portion of the blood sample to a point-of-care testing device. The biological fluid separation device of the present disclosure also provides a closed separation and transfer system that reduces the exposure of a blood sample and provides fast mixing of a blood sample with a sample stabilizer. The biological fluid separation device is engageable with a blood testing device for closed transfer of a portion of the plasma portion from the biological fluid separation device to the blood testing device. The blood testing device is adapted to receive the plasma portion to analyze the blood sample and obtain test results.

The invention relates to a dialysis machine having an extracorporeal blood circuit, a blood pump, a dialyzer, a venous pressure sensor, a substituate line, and a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the blood pump in a first operating mode and in a special operating mode and to start the special operating mode after recognition of a trigger event, in which special operating mode a conveying rate of the blood pump is controlled by means of a default value or is regulated to a desired value, which default or desired value is derived from a value determined before the start of the currently started special operating mode or corresponds to said value, wherein the presence of at least one obstacle is polled before the start of the special operating mode, and wherein, on the presence of the obstacle, the start of the special operating mode is blocked or delayed and/or the selection of the default value or of the desire value on the presence of the obstacle differs from the selection without the presence of the obstacle.

A method for extracorporeal blood treatment using a medical device including at least a dialyzer device, with the following steps: start of blood treatment by means of hemodialysis on the basis of default values for the hemodialysis; determination of current values or ratios of at least one blood flow, an ultrafiltration quantity, a substitution quantity or a type of substitution; recording of a therapy progress on the basis of an output signal of a sensor means; determination of a time of formation of a secondary membrane on the dialyzer by determination of a cross rate in the dialyzer device; change from the hemodialysis to a hemodiafiltration with post-dilution after a predetermined period of time has elapsed; and regulation of the substitution quantity during hemodiafiltration with post-dilution. Corresponding tools for carrying out the method are arranged in a device for extracorporeal blood treatment.

Dialysis is enhanced by using nanoclay sorbents to better absorb body wastes in a flow-through system. The nanoclay sorbents, using montmorillonite, bentonite, and other clays, absorb significantly more ammonium, phosphate, and creatinine, and the like, than conventional sorbents. The montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays may be used in wearable systems, such as a wearable peritoneal dialysis system, in which a dialysis fluid is circulated through a filter with the nanoclay sorbents. Waste products are absorbed by the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays and the dialysis fluid is recycled to a patient's peritoneum. Using an ion-exchange capability of the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays, waste ions in the dialysis fluid are replaced with desirable ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The nanoclay sorbents are also useful for refreshing a dialysis fluid used in hemodialysis and thus reducing a quantity of the dialysis fluid needed for the hemodialysis.